Omotesenke - Omotesenke

One of the schools of tea ceremony founded by Sen no Rikyu. Along with Urasenke and Mushanokojisenke, it is known as one of the Three Senke schools. It is commonly known as "Fushin'an." After Rikyu committed seppuku in 1591 (Tensho 19), the Sen family was cut off, and his eldest son, Nem'o Doan (1546-1607), is said to have been hidden in Hida (Gifu Prefecture) or Awa (Tokushima Prefecture). Meanwhile, his adopted son, Shoan Sojun (1546-1614), married Rikyu's daughter Kamejo and had a child, but when his mother Soon became Rikyu's second wife, the couple both joined the Sen family. However, at the same time as Rikyu's seppuku, he was entrusted to Gamo Ujisato of Aizu-Wakamatsu. A few years later, Hideyoshi gave permission for the Sen family to be re-established, and Shoan returned to Kyoto, settling in a house in front of Honpoji Temple and becoming the second head of the Sen family. Here, Shoan built the Zangetsutei tea house and the Fushin'an tea house. Fushin'an was another name given to Rikyu, and it is believed that Shoan also used this title. However, Shoan soon handed over the Sen family to his son Sotan (1578-1658), and is said to have retired to Shonan-tei at Saiho-ji Temple in Rakusai, but this is difficult to confirm.

Sōtan, who succeeded the third head of the Sen family, had two children in his mid-teens, his eldest son Sōsetsu (?-1652) and his second son Ichiō Soshu (1593-1675), but later took Soken, who was the wife of Tofukumon'in, the Empress of Emperor Gomizunoo, as his second wife, and had three sons, Koshin Sosa, Kureme, who became the wife of Hisada Sori, and a fourth son, Senso Soshitsu. Thus, in 1648 (Keian 1), when Sōtan was 71 years old, he handed over Fushin'an to Koshin and built Konnichian to the north of the same place and moved there with his youngest son, Senso. Later, his second son, Munemori, built Kankyuan, and the Sen family split into three branches.

After receiving Fushin'an, Koshin Sosa (1619-1672) became the 4th head of the Omotesenke school and took the names Kanshoken and Hogensai. Prior to that, in 1642 (Kan'ei 19), he served the Kishu Tokugawa family as a tea ceremony official. Koshin was asked by the feudal lord for a genealogy and history book, and he presented him with the "Senke History Book." He also completed writing the "Koshin Summer Book," a collection of stories by his father Sotan, in 1663 (Kanbun 3). The 5th head, Zuiryusai Sosa (1660-1701), was born to Sotan's daughter Kure and Hisada Munetoshi, but was welcomed into the Omotesenke school at the beginning of the Kanbun era, where he called himself Soha and took the pseudonym Ryokyu.

Genso Sosa, the 6th head of the Omotesenke school (1678-1730), was born as the son of Hisada Sozen, but was adopted by Zuiryusai at the age of 12 and inherited the Omotesenke tradition. However, he lost his adoptive father at a young age, so he was mentored by his uncle Fujimura Yoken, who was still alive at the age of 80, and served the Kishu family that had been in existence since his ancestors. The feudal lord Yorikata loved wabi-cha tea and studied under Genso, and even after he changed his name to Yoshimune and became the 8th shogun, he gave Genso a Karatsu tea bowl when he went to Edo. This tea bowl is called Kuwahara tea bowl and is a family heirloom of the Omotesenke school. Hara Sou had three children with his wife Aki, the eldest son Joshinsai succeeded the Omotesenke school, while the second son Souken and the third son Itto were adopted into the Urasenke school. His disciples included Machida Shuha of Hikone in Goshu (Shiga Prefecture), Mitani Sochin, who was the tea ceremony official for the Lord of Geishu, Horiuchi Senkaku, Matsuo Souji, and Itami Socho.

The 7th head priest, Joshinsai Soza (1706-1751), was also known by the pseudonym Tennen. Joshin's pseudonym was bestowed by the lord of Kishu. In order to bring a new wind to the tea ceremony of the time, Joshin established the Shichijishiki (Seven Rules of Tea Ceremony) in consultation with his brother Itto Soshitsu, Mitsui Hachiroemon, Kawakami Fuhaku, Mugaku Osho of Daitokuji, lacquer artist Nakamura Sotetsu, and Horiuchi Soshin, who were financially supported by Joshin. During the reign of the 8th head priest, Sotakusai Soza (1744-1808), the entire building was burned down in the great fire of Tenmei, but it was rebuilt within the same year and a tea ceremony was held to mark the 200th anniversary of Rikyu's death. He was succeeded by the 9th headmaster, Ryoryosai Soza (1775-1825), the 10th headmaster, Kyukosai Soza (1788-1860), the 11th headmaster, Rokurokusai Soza (1837-1910), the 12th headmaster, Seisai Soza (1865-1937), and the 13th headmaster, Sokuchusai Soza (1901-1979), and currently Jimyosai Soza (1938- ) is the 14th head master at Fushin-an in Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City.

[Kouichi Tsutsui]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

千利休(せんのりきゅう)を祖とする茶道の流派の一つ。裏千家、武者小路千家(むしゃのこうじせんけ)とともに三千家とよばれている。「不審庵(ふしんあん)」の名で通称される。1591年（天正19）利休切腹のあと千家は断絶し、長男の眠翁道安(どうあん)（1546―1607）は飛騨(ひだ)（岐阜県）か阿波(あわ)（徳島県）にかくまわれたといわれている。一方、養嗣子(ようしし)の少庵宗淳(そうじゅん)（1546―1614）は、利休の娘亀女と結婚して子をもうけていたが、母宗恩(そうおん)が利休の後妻となるに及んで、夫婦ともども千家に入った。しかし利休切腹と同時に会津若松の蒲生氏郷(がもううじさと)に預けられた。その後数年を経て、秀吉より千家再興が許され、京都に戻ってきた少庵は本法寺前の屋敷に落ち着き、千家2世を継承した。少庵はここに色付九間之書院残月亭(ざんげつてい)と不審庵の茶席を建てた。不審庵とは利休の別号であるが、少庵もこの号を名のっていたと思われる。しかし少庵はまもなく子の宗旦(そうたん)（1578―1658）に千家を譲り、洛西(らくせい)西芳寺(さいほうじ)の湘南亭(しょうなんてい)に隠棲(いんせい)したと伝えるが確証は得がたい。

　千家3世を継いだ宗旦は、10代のなかばには長男宗拙(そうせつ)（？―1652）と次男一翁宗守(いちおうそうしゅ)（1593―1675）の2人をもうけていたが、その後、後水尾院(ごみずのおいん)の中宮東福門院の女房であった宗見(そうけん)を後妻として迎え、三男江岑宗左(こうしんそうさ)、久田宗利(ひさだそうり)の妻となったくれ女、そして四男仙叟宗室(せんそうそうしつ)をもうけている。かくして宗旦が71歳になった1648年（慶安1）に、不審庵を江岑に譲り、同所の北に今日庵(こんにちあん)を建てて末子仙叟とともに移り住んだ。その後、次男宗守が官休庵を建て、千家は3家に分かれるようになったのである。

　不審庵を譲られた江岑宗左（1619―1672）は表千家4世となり、堪笑軒、逢源斎(ほうげんさい)と号した。それより以前1642年（寛永19）には、紀州徳川家に仕え、茶道役となっている。江岑は藩主より系譜や由緒書を求められ、『千家由緒書』を献上している。また父宗旦の説話を集めた『江岑夏書(こうしんげがき)』を1663年（寛文3）に書き終えている。5世随流斎(ずいりゅうさい)宗佐（1660―1701）は、宗旦の娘くれと久田宗利との間に生まれたが、寛文(かんぶん)の初めごろ表千家に迎えられ、宗巴(そうは)と称し、良休と号している。

　6世覚々斎(かくかくさい)原叟宗左(げんそうそうさ)（1678―1730）は、久田宗全の子として生まれたが、12歳のころ随流斎の養子となり、表千家を継いだ。しかし若くして養父を亡くしたため、80歳で健在であった叔父藤村庸軒(ようけん)の薫陶を受け、父祖以来の紀州家に仕えた。藩主頼方(よりかた)はわび茶を好んで原叟を師として学び、やがて吉宗(よしむね)と改め8代将軍となってからも、原叟が江戸へ下ったおりに唐津茶碗(からつちゃわん)を与えるほどであった。この茶碗は桑原茶碗(くわはらちゃわん)といい、表千家の家宝となっている。原叟は内室秋との間に3子をもうけており、長子如心斎は表千家を継ぎ、次男宗乾(そうけん)と三男一燈は裏千家の養子となっている。門下に江州（滋賀県）彦根の町田秋波、芸州侯の茶道役三谷宗鎮(みたにそうちん)、堀内仙鶴(ほりのうちせんかく)、松尾宗二(まつおそうじ)、伊丹宗朝(いたみそうちょう)などがある。

　7世如心斎宗左（1706―1751）は天然(てんねん)とも別号する。如心の斎号は紀州侯より賜ったものである。如心は当時の茶の湯に新風を入れるため、弟の一燈宗室をはじめ、経済的援助を受けていた三井八郎右衛門(みついはちろうえもん)、川上不白(かわかみふはく)、大徳寺の無学和尚(おしょう)、塗師(ぬし)中村宗哲、堀内宗心などと協議して七事式(しちじしき)を制定した。8世啐啄斎(そったくさい)宗左（1744―1808）のときに、天明(てんめい)の大火によって建物のすべてを焼失したが、その年のうちに再興し、利休二百回忌の茶会を催している。以後9世了々斎(りょうりょうさい)宗左（1775―1825）、10世吸江斎(きゅうこうさい)宗左（1788―1860）、11世碌々斎(ろくろくさい)宗左（1837―1910）、12世惺斎(せいさい)宗左（1865―1937）、13世即中斎(そくちゅうさい)宗左（1901―1979）と続き、現在而妙斎(じみょうさい)宗左（1938―　）が京都市上京(かみぎょう)区の不審庵で14世家元を継承している。

［筒井紘一］

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例