Bead reaction

Japanese: 溶球試験 - ようきゅうしけん(英語表記)bead reaction
Bead reaction

This is one of the preliminary tests for qualitative analysis of metal salts. Borax balls and phosphorus salt balls are usually used as the beads, so it is used as a general term for the borax ball test and the phosphorus salt ball test.

The former uses borax balls produced by heating and dehydrating borax (Na 2 B 4 O 7.10H 2 O) and then igniting it to melt, and utilizes the color reaction of various metal salts.The latter uses phosphate balls produced by dehydrating and igniting ammonium hydrogen phosphate (NaNH 4 HPO 4.4H 2 O), and utilizes the color reaction of various metal salts.

Borax balls are mainly composed of sodium metaborate NaBO2 and boric anhydride B2O3 ,
Na2B4O7.10H2O
Na2B4O7 + 10H2O
Na 2 B 4 O 7 →2NaBO 2 +B 2 O 3
Phosphate spheres are mainly composed of sodium metaphosphate, NaPO3 .

NaNH4HPO4.4H2O
NaPO3 + NH3 + 5H2O
When a sample containing metal salts is dipped in these beads and heated and melted in an oxidizing flame, it becomes the metal oxide MO (for example, as a divalent metal) and reacts with sodium metaborate, anhydrous boric acid, or sodium metaphosphate.

MO+2NaBO 2 →M(BO 2 ) 2 +Na 2 O
MO+ B2O3 M( BO2 ) 2
MO+2NaPO 3 →M(PO 3 ) 2 +Na 2 O
The resulting metal metaborates and metaphosphates have a characteristic color depending on the metallic element, making it possible to carry out a qualitative analysis. On the other hand, if the metal is ignited in a reducing atmosphere (reducing flame), it is reduced to a low oxidation state or to an elemental form, and exhibits a color characteristic of the metal. Generally, the bead test often produces different colors in an oxidizing flame and a reducing flame, and the color tone may also differ when hot and when cold.

[Yoshio Narusawa]

[References] | Borax ball test | Phosphate ball test

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

金属塩類の定性分析を行う際の予備試験の一つ。溶球として普通はホウ砂(しゃ)球とリン塩球が使われるので、ホウ砂球試験およびリン塩球試験の総称として使われる。

 前者はホウ砂Na2B4O7・10H2Oを加熱脱水したあと強熱し、融解して生じるホウ砂球を用い、各金属塩類の呈色反応を利用するものであり、後者はリン酸水素アンモニウムナトリウムNaNH4HPO4・4H2Oを脱水強熱して生じるリン塩球を用いて各金属塩類の呈色反応を利用するものである。

 ホウ砂球はメタホウ酸ナトリウムNaBO2と無水ホウ酸B2O3が主体であり、
  Na2B4O7・10H2O
   →Na2B4O7+10H2O
  Na2B4O7→2NaBO2+B2O3
リン塩球はメタリン酸ナトリウムNaPO3が主体である。

  NaNH4HPO4・4H2O
   →NaPO3+NH3+5H2O
 これらの溶球に金属塩類を含む試料をつけて酸化炎で加熱融解すると金属酸化物MO(たとえば二価金属として)となり、メタホウ酸ナトリウムや無水ホウ酸あるいはメタリン酸ナトリウムと反応する。

  MO+2NaBO2→M(BO2)2+Na2O
  MO+B2O3→M(BO2)2
  MO+2NaPO3→M(PO3)2+Na2O
 このようにして生じる金属のメタホウ酸塩やメタリン酸塩は金属元素によって特有の色を呈するので定性分析を行うことができる。一方、還元性雰囲気(還元炎)で強熱すれば、金属は低酸化状態もしくは単体まで還元され、金属特有の色を呈する。溶球試験は一般に酸化炎と還元炎とで異なる色を呈することが多く、同時にまた熱時と冷時とで色調が異なることがある。

[成澤芳男]

[参照項目] | ホウ砂球試験 | リン塩球試験

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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