Maritime capture

Japanese: 海上捕獲 - かいじょうほかく(英語表記)maritime capture
Maritime capture

In international law, this refers to the capture by warships of a belligerent in time of war of enemy ships or cargo, or certain neutral ships or cargo, on the high seas or in the territorial waters of either belligerent. First, enemy ships and their cargo are permitted to be captured. In principle, enemy ships, whether public or private, may be captured. However, hospital ships, ships with scientific, philanthropic or religious missions, and ships engaged in coastal fishing or coastal navigation may not be captured. Cargo on enemy ships is presumed to be enemy cargo and may be captured unless neutrality is established. Neutral cargo may also be captured if it is prohibited in time of war. Second, certain neutral ships and cargo may be captured. First, all neutral ships and their cargoes that break the blockade may be captured. Second, enemy cargo on neutral ships and neutral cargoes destined for enemy territory may be captured if they are prohibited in time of war. If prohibited goods account for more than half of the total cargo in terms of value, volume, freight, or weight, the neutral ship will also be seized. Thirdly, if a neutral ship acts in the military interest of an enemy country, it will be seized.

The procedure for capture is that a warship will board and search the area, and if there is reason to do so, the ship will be seized and brought to the home country. The captured ship and its cargo will then be inspected by the home country's capture inspection office, and the validity of the capture will be confirmed only after the inspection has determined that there is reason to seize the ship.

[Yasuo Ishimoto]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

国際法上の用語で、戦時に交戦国の軍艦が、敵の船もしくは貨物、または一定の中立船もしくは中立貨物を、公海または交戦国いずれかの領海で捕獲することをいう。海上捕獲が認められるのは、第一に、敵の船と、それに積まれた敵の貨物である。敵の船は、公船たると私船たるとを問わず、原則として捕獲される。ただし、病院船、学術・博愛・宗教の任務をもつ船、沿岸漁業や沿岸航海に従事する船は捕獲されない。敵の船に積まれた貨物は敵の貨物と推定され、中立性が立証されない限り捕獲される。また中立貨物であっても、戦時禁制品であれば捕獲される。第二に、一定の中立船および中立貨物は捕獲される。その一として、封鎖を侵破した中立船およびその積み荷はすべて捕獲される。その二として、中立船上の敵の貨物および敵地に仕向けられた中立貨物は、それらが戦時禁制品であれば捕獲される。禁制品が、価格・体積・運賃・重量のいずれかで全積み荷の半分以上を占める場合には、その中立船も捕獲される。その三として、敵国の軍事的利益となる行為を行った中立船は捕獲される。

 捕獲の手続としては、軍艦が臨検・捜索を行い、理由があれば拿捕(だほ)し、本国に引致する。引致された船舶と貨物について、本国の捕獲審検所が審検を行い、その検定によって捕獲の理由があると決定されて、初めて捕獲の効力が確定する。

[石本泰雄]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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