Award - Hosho
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One of the national honors. It is a badge of honor bestowed by the state mainly to recognize good deeds by private citizens. In 1881 (Meiji 14), the Medal of Honor Ordinance (Dajokan Proclamation No. 63) was promulgated, and three types of medals were established: the Medal with Red Ribbon, the Medal with Green Ribbon, and the Medal with Blue Ribbon. In 1918 (Taisho 7), the Medal with Dark Blue Ribbon was added, and in 1955 (Showa 30), the Medal with Yellow Ribbon and the Medal with Purple Ribbon were added, making six types today. These medals are distinguished by the color of the ribbon that hangs the silver medal, and the type of medal is determined by the good deeds and achievements that are the subject of the award. Unlike medals, medals have no grades and are of a single grade. In addition, the name of the recipient is engraved on the back of the medal (except for the Medal with Dark Blue Ribbon). When a person who has already received a commendation commits a good deed or achievement that warrants a second award of the same type of medal, a plate (attached to the ribbon of the medal) is awarded each time. If the recipient is an organization, a certificate of commendation is presented. If the recipient dies, a trophy (silver cup) or a certificate of commendation is presented to their surviving family as a posthumous award. When the new constitution came into effect in 1947 (Showa 22), other honors were abolished or their operation was suspended, but the medal system was not discontinued; rather, its operation was strengthened, and it served to fill the gap in the honors system. [Cabinet Office Awards Bureau] History and recipientsMedal with Red RibbonThis award is given to those who have saved lives at the risk of their own personal harm. The ribbon is red. [Cabinet Office Awards Bureau] Green Ribbon MedalThe award is given to those who are filial, chaste, and otherwise have outstanding virtues. The ribbon is green. Only three people have received the award since the end of World War II, and no awards have been given in recent years. [Cabinet Office Awards Bureau] Yellow Ribbon MedalThe award is given to dedicated farmers and general workers who work diligently and are exemplary for the general public. The ribbon is yellow. [Cabinet Office Awards Bureau] Purple Ribbon MedalThis award is given to those who have made outstanding achievements in the fields of science, art, invention, improvement, and creation. The ribbon is purple. [Cabinet Office Awards Bureau] Blue Ribbon MedalThe award is given to those who have contributed to the public interest through education, sanitation, charity, and disease prevention projects, the construction of schools and hospitals, the repair of roads, rivers, levees, and bridges, the reclamation of fields, the cultivation of forests, the propagation of fisheries, and the development of agriculture, commerce, and industry, or to those who have worked diligently in public affairs. The ribbon is indigo blue. [Cabinet Office Awards Bureau] Dark Blue Ribbon MedalThis award is given to those who have donated their personal assets to the public interest. The ribbon is dark blue. Initially, the award was given to those who donated 10,000 yen or more of their personal assets to national and local governments and specific public interest corporations, but after several revisions, the award was changed to 5 million yen or more in 1981 (Showa 56). Those who have donated personal assets more than twice are awarded a silver plate, but if they donate five or more, they are given a gold plate in exchange for every five donated. Those who donate personal assets worth 15 million yen or more are awarded a set of wooden cups in addition to the Dark Blue Ribbon Medal. If an organization donates more than 10 million yen, they are given a letter of commendation. [Cabinet Office Awards Bureau] [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
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国の栄典の一つ。主として民間人の善行を表彰する趣旨で、国から与えられる名誉の標章。1881年（明治14）褒章条例（太政官布告63号）が公布され、紅綬(こうじゅ)褒章、緑綬褒章、藍綬(らんじゅ)褒章の3種が定められたが、その後1918年（大正7）紺綬褒章、さらに55年（昭和30）黄綬褒章、紫綬褒章が増設されて、現在6種となっている。これらの褒章は銀製の章（メダル）をつるす綬（リボン）の色によって識別され、表彰の対象となる善行、事績の内容によって、それぞれ授与される褒章が定められている。褒章は、勲章とは異なって等級がなく単一級である。また、褒章の裏面には受章者の氏名が刻印される（紺綬褒章を除く）。すでに褒章を受章した者が再度同じ種類の褒章を授与されるような善行または事績があった場合には、そのつど飾版（褒章の綬につけて飾るもの）1個が授与される。表彰される者が団体の場合には褒状が授与される。授与される者が死亡した場合には、その遺族に、追賞として賞杯（銀杯）または褒状が授与される。なお、1947年（昭22）新憲法施行の際、他の栄典が廃止または運用の停止措置がとられたのに対し、この褒章制度のみは中断されることなく、むしろ運用が強化され、栄典制度の空白を補う効用があった。 ［内閣府賞勲局］ 沿革と授与対象紅綬褒章自己の危険を顧みないで人命を救助した者に授与される。綬は紅色。 ［内閣府賞勲局］ 緑綬褒章孝子、節婦など徳行の優れている者に授与される。綬は緑色。第二次世界大戦後の受章者は3人にすぎず、近年授与例はない。 ［内閣府賞勲局］ 黄綬褒章篤農家、一般勤労者を対象とし、業務に精励し衆民の模範たるべき者に授与される。綬は黄色。 ［内閣府賞勲局］ 紫綬褒章学術・芸術上の発明、改良、創作について事績著明な者に授与される。綬は紫色。 ［内閣府賞勲局］ 藍綬褒章教育・衛生・慈善・防疫の事業、学校・病院の建設、道路・河渠(かきょ)・堤防・橋梁(きょうりょう)の修築、田野の墾闢(こんびゃく)、森林の栽培、水産の繁殖、農商工業の発達について公衆の利益を興した者または公同の事務に勤勉した者に授与される。綬は藍(あい)色。 ［内閣府賞勲局］ 紺綬褒章公益のため私財を寄付した者に授与される。綬は紺色。当初は、国および地方公共団体ならびに特定の公益法人に対し私財1万円以上を寄付した者が対象となっていたが、数次の改定を経て、1981年（昭和56）から500万円以上に改められている。なお、二度以上私財を寄付した者には銀飾版が授与されるが、これが5個以上になると、5個ごとにこれらと引替えに金飾版が授与される。また、1500万円以上の私財を寄付した者には、紺綬褒章のほか、木杯一組が授与される。団体が1000万円以上寄付した場合は、褒状が授与される。 ［内閣府賞勲局］ [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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