A modern Catholic movement that defended the independence of the Church from the state, and aimed to expand the influence of the Pope and the Church in various areas of public life. Its name comes from the fact that it represents the interests of Rome (the Pope), which is located "beyond the mountains" (ultra montes) from the perspective of Central Europe. Its origins lie in the ideas of Chateaubriand and de Maistre, who opposed Napoleon I's plan to make the Catholic Church a part of the state in France just after the French Revolution. This trend spread to countries such as Belgium and Germany, and brought about the rise of Catholic faith not only in the social sphere, but also in literature and thought, but was criticized by Protestantism and modern liberalism as an infringement of religious freedom. One of its notable achievements was the First Vatican Council (1870), which established the dominant position of the Pope against the tendency for decentralization to bishops within the Church. [Tokuyoshi Tamaru] [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
国家に対する教会の独立を擁護し、ひいては公共生活の諸領域で教皇と教会の影響力の伸長を目ざした近代カトリックの運動。中部ヨーロッパからみて「山のかなた」ultra montesにあるローマ(教皇)の利害を代弁するところから、この名が由来する。起源は、革命直後のフランスでカトリック教会をも国家の一制度にしようとしたナポレオン1世の企図に反対したシャトーブリアン、ド・メーストルらの思想にある。この傾向はベルギー、ドイツなどの諸国にも波及し、社会的領域のみならず、文芸や思想をも含めたカトリック信仰の興隆をもたらしたが、プロテスタンティズムや近代的自由主義の側からは、信仰の自由を侵すものとして批判された。教会内での司教への分権的傾向に対し、教皇の支配的地位を確立した第1回バチカン公会議(1870)は、その顕著な成果の一つといえる。 [田丸徳善] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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