This is a type of chemical relaxation method, in which the temperature of a chemical reaction system at equilibrium is suddenly raised, and the phenomenon of the reaction moving toward a new equilibrium state (relaxation phenomenon) is measured by optical methods and changes in conductivity, and is used to track relatively fast reactions in solutions at 10 -7 to 1 s. The most widely used method to cause a temperature jump at present is to discharge a capacitor charged at high voltage through a sample solution containing an electrolyte, and then to rapidly heat the solution with Joule heat generated by the solution resistance. Since the Joule heat method requires the insertion of electrodes into the cell and the addition of electrolyte, methods that do not require these, such as heating with microwave pulses or laser light pulses (for example, 1.06 μm laser light from a Nd glass laser), are being researched. Also, an apparatus that combines the stopped-flow method and the temperature jump method has been developed and is used in the study of fast reactions, especially enzyme reactions. Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition |
化学緩和法の一種で,平衡にある化学反応系の温度を急激に上昇させ,新しい平衡状態に向かって反応が移行しようとする現象(緩和現象)を,光学的方法,伝導率変化などによって測定することにより,10-7~1 s の比較的速い溶液内反応を追跡するのに用いられている.温度ジャンプを起こすのに現在もっとも広く用いられているのは,高圧で充電したコンデンサーを,電解質を含む試料溶液を通じて放電し,溶液抵抗によって生じるジュール熱で急激に加熱する方法である.ジュール熱による方法は,セルに電極挿入と,電解質の添加を必要とするので,これらを必要としない方法として,マイクロ波パルスやレーザー光パルス(たとえば,Ndガラスレーザーによる1.06 μm のレーザー光)などによる加熱も研究されている.また,ストップドフロー法と温度ジャンプ法を組み合わせた装置も開発され,高速反応,とくに酵素反応の研究などに用いられている. 出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報 |
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