Code of Ur-Nammu - Code of Ur-Nammu

Japanese: ウルナンム法典 - ウルナンムほうてん

The oldest surviving cuneiform law code was established around 2100 BCE. It is believed to have been issued by Ur-Nammu, the founder of the Third Dynasty of Ur, and is preserved in fragments in several manuscripts from the first half of the 2nd millennium BCE. The preface proudly describes how Ur-Nammu, under the orders of Nannar, the chief god of Ur, who had gained control of Sumer and Akkad, eliminated the rule of foreign tribes, corrected various irrationalities, and endeavored to protect the socially vulnerable. In the remaining 35 articles of the "laws," important issues such as murder, theft, sexual crimes, divorce, breach of engagement, injury, perjury, and the destruction of farmland are listed in the form of "If such and such a thing occurs, (the punishment is)..." and the standard for judgment in court is given.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

現存する楔形文字法典のうち最古の，前2100年ころに制定された法典。ウル第3王朝の創立者ウルナンムが発布したと考えられ，前2千年紀前半の写本数点に断片的に伝えられている。序文では，シュメールとアッカドの支配権を得たウル市の主神ナンナルの命を受けたウルナンムが，異民族支配を一掃し，さまざまな不合理を正して社会的弱者の保護に努めたことが誇らかに叙述されている。約35条ほど残存する〈法律〉本文の中では，殺人，盗み，性犯罪，離婚，婚約不履行，傷害，偽証，農地の荒廃など，重要な諸問題が〈もしもこれこれのときには，(その罰は)…〉の形式で列挙され，裁判での判決基準が与えられている。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

<<: Pope Urban II - Urban

>>: Ultramontanism - Ultramontanism