This is one of the national taxes introduced in January 1992. It has the characteristics of a current asset tax, and is a tax that is levied at a proportional rate on the value of land and other assets each year. It also has a strong character as a means to achieve specific policy objectives, such as curbing abnormal increases in land prices. Taxpayers are individuals and corporations who own land or leasehold rights in Japan. The tax base is the amount of land value tax, calculated by deducting the basic exemption from the total value of land owned on January 1 (midnight), the tax period, and multiplying this by a tax rate of 1.5/1000 (halved from the previous 0.3% by the 1996 tax reform). Not all land is subject to taxation. Land owned by public corporations and public interest corporations, land used for certain public purposes such as nature and land conservation, medical and social welfare, residential land under certain conditions, and land with an assessed value (vacant land value) of 30,000 yen or less per square meter are exempt from tax. The exemption for residential land is limited to the portion of 1,000 square meters or less, including the land of a home owned and lived in or rented to another person. For land etc. subject to taxation, the basic deduction can be chosen from the greater of the following (1) or (2) (since 1997): (1) Fixed deduction: 500 million yen for corporations (including insurance companies) with capital etc. exceeding 1 billion yen, 800 million yen for corporations with capital etc. between 100 million yen and 1 billion yen, and 1.5 billion yen for corporations and individuals other than those mentioned above, or (2) Deduction proportional to area: 30,000 yen x the area of land (excluding tax-exempt areas) with an assessed value (vacant land value) exceeding 30,000 yen per square meter. In addition, the 1998 tax reform decided to suspend the application of land value tax for the time being as part of economic stimulus measures. [Masatoshi Hayashi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
1992年(平成4)1月に導入された国税の一つ。経常的資産税の性格を有し、各種資産のなかでも土地等のみを対象として、毎年度その価額に比例税率で課税する税である。地価の異常な上昇の抑制をはじめとした特定政策目的達成の手段の性格も強い。 納税義務者は、国内にある土地および借地権等を有する個人および法人である。課税時期である1月1日(午前零時)において有する土地等の価額の合計額から基礎控除額を控除した残額を課税標準として、1000分の1.5の税率を乗じて計算した額が地価税額となる(1996年度税制改正によって従来の0.3%から半減)。土地等のすべてが課税対象となるわけではなく、公共法人や公益法人等の有する土地等、自然・国土保全等、医療・社会福祉等などの一定の公益的な用途に供されている土地等、一定の条件の住宅の敷地、1平方メートル当りの評価額(更地価額)が3万円以下の土地は非課税とされる。住宅の敷地についての非課税対象は、1000平方メートル以下の部分に限り、自己が所有し居住している住宅や他人に貸し付けられている住宅の敷地である。 課税対象とされる土地等についても基礎控除額として次の(1)と(2)のいずれか多いほうの金額を選択できる(97年から)。(1)定額控除 資本金等が10億円超の法人(保険会社を含む)に対しては5億円、資本金等が1億円超10億円以下の法人に対しては8億円、上記以外の法人および個人に対しては15億円か、(2)面積比例控除 1平方メートル当りの評価額(更地価額)が3万円を超える土地(非課税分を除く)の面積×3万円。 なお1998年度税制改正で、景気対策の一環として当分の間地価税の適用を停止することになった。 [林 正寿] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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