Echo - Yamabiko

Japanese: 山彦 - やまびこ
Echo - Yamabiko

Sound reflected back from mountains and valleys. Also called an echo or kodama. This is the phenomenon where if you call out loudly in the mountains, your voice will be reflected off the surface of the mountain and will return with a slight time lag. When sound waves travel through the air and hit a solid object, they are reflected according to the same rules as light waves. In this case, the echo can be heard clearly when the original sound is short and the reflecting surface is quite far away from the sound source. If the reflecting surface has an irregular shape, multiple reflections can occur, resulting in multiple sounds being heard, or the sound can be prolonged and unclear. Sound waves are not necessarily reflected from solid surfaces. They can also be reflected from forest boundaries and cloud surfaces. For example, the sound of a gun can be heard short and sharp on a sunny day, but when the clouds hang low, the sound is reflected off the clouds and a single gunshot can be heard multiple times, giving the sensation of a roar.

There are places where reflections occur particularly well due to the terrain, making the echoes clear. It is also common to hear a loud echo when shouting on the road under a railway bridge. The word yamabiko originally meant the mountain god, and is said to have come from a legend that it was the voice of the mountain god answering.

[Masaji Ota]

[Reference] | Kodama

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

山や谷間などで音が反射して返ってくること。木霊(こだま)、エコーなどともいう。山あいで大声でよぶと、その声が山肌などで反射して、時間が多少ずれて戻ってくる現象である。音波が空気中を進行するとき固体に当たると、光波と同じような法則に従って反射する。この場合原音が短く、かつ反射面が音源よりかなり遠方にあるときに山彦ははっきり聞こえる。反射面が不規則な形をしていると、反射が複数でおこり音がいくつも聞こえたり、または長引いて分明を欠くことがある。音波の反射のおこるのは、かならずしも固体面とは限らない。森の境界や雲の面でも反射する。たとえば砲声は晴れた日には短く鋭く聞こえるが、雲が低く垂れ込めているときには雲に反射して一発の砲声がいくつにも聞こえ、いわゆるとどろくという感じとなる。

 地形上とくに反射がよくおこって山彦が明瞭(めいりょう)に出る所がある。また鉄橋の下の道路などで大声を出すと、わーんと反響するのはよくみられる現象である。山彦ということばは、もともと山の神の意味で、山の神が答える声という伝承に由来するといわれる。

[大田正次]

[参照項目] | 木霊

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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