Yamana clan

Shugo (military governor) during the Muromachi period. One of the four official families. A branch of the Nitta clan of the Seiwa Genji clan. The founder of the family was Yoshishige's son Yoshinori, who lived in Yamana-go, Tago County, Kozuke Province (Yamana-cho, Takasaki City, Gunma Prefecture) and called himself Yamana Saburo. Yoshinori, who played an active role in the Jisho-Juei War, was appointed as the governor of Izu, and the Yamana clan was subsequently included in the shogunate's Hikitsukeshu (attached to the shogunate) and played an important role as a Nitta clan. Tokiuji, seven generations after Yoshinori, was on the side of Ashikaga Takauji during the Nanboku-cho Civil War and was active in the Sanin and Sanyo regions. During the Kanno Disturbance, he sided with Ashikaga Tadayoshi, and after Tadayoshi's death, he briefly sided with the Southern Court, but in 1363 (Shohei 18, Joji 2), he submitted to Ashikaga Yoshiakira, and was appointed shugo of five provinces, including Hoki and Tango, and became Daishugo, while his sons held important positions such as Samurai Dokoro Shoshi. He further obtained the shugo position of San'in Izumo and Kinai, and the family became shugo of 11 provinces, and was given the title of Rokubun no Ichidono. As a result of the Meitoku War of 1391 (Genchu ​​8, Meitoku 2), which was caused by Shogun Yoshimitsu's suppression of the daishugo and a clan dispute, the shugo positions in all provinces except Tajima, Hoki, and Inaba were confiscated, but the clan regained power in the Kakitsu War (1441) and became as powerful as the Hosokawa clan. However, after the Onin War (1467-77), the clan rapidly declined due to the rise of ruling elites. In the early modern period, the clan was given 6,700 koku as a "kotai yoriai" (alternative vassal). It is unclear whether the Yamana clan, who appear to have been influential in the Kamakura shogunate around the end of the Nanboku-cho period, were descended from the Toki clan. In the Meiji period, the clan was granted a baronial title.

[Mutsumi Tanuma]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

室町時代の守護。四職(ししき)家の一つ。清和源氏(せいわげんじ)新田(にった)氏の一族。家祖は義重(よししげ)の男義範(よしのり)で、上野国(こうずけのくに)多胡(たご)郡山名郷（群馬県高崎市山名町）に住し、山名三郎と称した。治承(じしょう)・寿永(じゅえい)の乱で活躍した義範は伊豆守(いずのかみ)に任じ、以後山名氏は幕府引付衆(ひきつけしゅう)などにも名を連ね、新田一族として重きをなした。義範7代後の時氏(ときうじ)は、南北朝内乱で足利尊氏(あしかがたかうじ)方に属し、山陰・山陽地方で活躍する。観応(かんのう)の擾乱(じょうらん)では足利直義(ただよし)方に属し、直義没後にいったんは南朝方となったが、1363年（正平18・貞治2）足利義詮(よしあきら)に帰順して、伯耆(ほうき)・丹後(たんご)など5か国の守護職に補されて大守護となり、子息らは侍所所司(さむらいどころしょし)などの要職についた。さらに山陰出雲(いずも)・畿内(きない)の守護職を得て、一族で11か国守護となり六分一殿(ろくぶんのいちどの)と称された。将軍義満(よしみつ)の大守護抑圧政策と一族争いが絡んで起こった1391年（元中8・明徳2）の明徳(めいとく)の乱の結果、但馬(たじま)・伯耆・因幡(いなば)以外の守護職は没収されたが、嘉吉(かきつ)の乱（1441）などで勢力を回復し、細川氏と並ぶ強勢となった。しかし応仁(おうにん)の乱（1467～77）後は下剋上(げこくじょう)により急速に衰えた。近世では交代寄合の格として6700石を与えられた。なお南北朝末期ごろ鎌倉府の有力者としてみえる山名氏が、時氏系統かどうか不詳である。明治になって男爵を与えられた。

［田沼　睦］

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