Yamana Ujikiyo

Japanese: 山名氏清 - やまな・うじきよ

Year of death: 2nd year of Meitoku/8th year of Genchū, 12th December 30th (1392.1.24)
Year of birth: Kōei 3/Kōkoku 5 (1344)
A military commander during the Northern and Southern Court period. Shugo daimyo. The fourth son of Tokiuji. He was the junior assistant minister of the Ministry of the Tamibu and the governor of Mutsu. After his father's death, he inherited the province of Tanba. In December 1378, when Hashimoto Masatoshi of the Southern Court rose up in Kii, he was ordered by Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, the Shogun of the Muromachi Shogunate, to suppress the revolt together with his brother Yoshimichi, and in recognition of his achievements he was made the governor of Izumi, replacing Kusunoki Masanori. Prior to this, from July to December 1378, he served as the head of the Samurai Department, responsible for policing the capital and enforcing the rules of the entire Yamashiro province. He also played an active role in the attack on the Southern forces, such as at the Battle of Kawachi Hirao in leap January 1382. In December 1385, he was appointed to the newly established position of Yamashiro Shugo. It is recorded that the construction of a castle in Kasagi and the seizure of manors in the Minamiyamashiro area caused panic at Kofuku-ji Temple and Kasuga Shrine. At the time, the Yamana clan's territories had expanded to an unprecedented 12 provinces, including Yamashiro, Tanba, Tango, Tajima, Inaba, Hoki, Oki, Izumo, Mimasaka, Bingo, Kii, and Izumi, and Yoshimitsu began to plot to reduce them. On the pretext of a pilgrimage to Itsukushima, Yoshimitsu plotted with Hosokawa Yoriyuki to defeat the Yamana clan in Sanuki, appointing the brothers Yoriyuki and Yorimoto as regents, and when Yamana head Tokiyoshi died in May of the 6th year of the Genchu era, he ordered his uncle and nephew Ujikiyo and Mitsuyuki to defeat Tokiyoshi's sons, Tokihiro and Ujiyuki, in March of the following year. As a result, Ujikiyo was given the province of Tajima as his domain and became the head of the family, but he was later tricked by Yoshimitsu's clever tactics to alienate the people and he rose up in rebellion against Yoshimitsu. The Yamana clan's large army was annihilated in the inner Kyoto area by the Shogunate forces led by Yoshimitsu himself, and Ujikiyo was killed by Isshiki Akinori near Sanjo-Omiya (Meitoku Rebellion). This rebellion is important because, although it was a national rebellion, no imperial edict was issued to punish it, and the Shogunate suppressed it on its own.

(Akira Imaya)

Source: Asahi Japanese Historical Biography: Asahi Shimbun Publications Inc. About Asahi Japanese Historical Biography

Japanese:

没年：明徳2/元中8.12.30(1392.1.24)
生年：康永3/興国5(1344)
南北朝時代の武将。守護大名。時氏の第4子。民部少輔,陸奥守。父の死後分国のうち丹波を継承。永和4/天授4(1378)年12月南朝の橋本正督が紀伊に蜂起したとき,室町幕府将軍足利義満の命で兄義理と共に鎮圧に当たり,その功で楠木正儀に代わって和泉守護となる。これに先立つ永和3/天授3年7～12月侍所頭人を務め,洛中の警察と山城一国の遵行を担当。また永徳2/弘和2(1382)年閏1月の河内平尾合戦など南軍攻略に活躍した。至徳2/元中2(1385)年12月,新たに設置された山城守護職に就任。笠置に城郭を築いて南山城一帯の荘園を押領したため,興福寺,春日社では恐慌をきたしたと記録されている。当時山名氏の分国は山城,丹波,丹後,但馬,因幡,伯耆,隠岐,出雲,美作,備後,紀伊,和泉と空前の12カ国に膨張し,ここに至って,義満はその削減を企てるようになる。義満は厳島参詣と称して,途中讃岐に細川頼之と山名討滅の謀議を凝らし,頼之・頼元兄弟を執政に登用,康応1/元中6年5月に山名惣領時義が没すると,翌年3月,氏清・満幸の叔父甥に命じて時義の子時煕・氏幸兄弟を討たせた。これにより氏清は但馬を分国に加えられて家督となるが,その後義満の巧妙な離間策に乗せられ,義満に反旗を翻す。山名氏の大軍は義満自らが率いる幕府軍により洛中内野に壊滅し,氏清は三条大宮付近で一色詮範に討たれた(明徳の乱)。この乱は国家的反乱でありながら治罰綸旨が発給されず,幕府が独力で鎮圧したものとして重要。

(今谷明)

出典　朝日日本歴史人物事典：（株）朝日新聞出版朝日日本歴史人物事典について　情報

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