Pattern - Monyo

Japanese: 文様 - もんよう

A figure applied to the surface of an object for decorative effect, often repeated in a regular pattern. It is also called a pattern, but the word "pattern" is usually used when studying the stylized motif units in the history of decoration as an academic subject. On the other hand, when it comes to designs that are repeated in crafts, it is generally called "pattern." Decoration with patterns is something that humans have a kind of instinct, and has been used in many fields such as architecture, crafts, and clothing since ancient times among various ethnic groups around the world. They are broadly divided into purely geometric designs such as those seen in Neolithic pottery and Egyptian vase paintings (geometric style), stylized designs such as lightning and flowing water designs, and motifs of plants and animals such as acanthus, arabesque, and palmette, but generally there is a tendency for shapes and structures to be simplified and abstracted.

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

装飾的効果をあげるためにものの表面につけられる図形で，規則正しく繰り返される場合が多い。模様ともいうが，通常，装飾史において様式化されたモティーフの単位を学問的対象としてみる場合には〈文様〉の語が使われる。一方，工芸品に繰り返される意匠の場合は，〈模様〉と呼ばれるのが一般的である。文様による装飾は人間のなかば本能的なもので，各地各民族の間で古くから建築，工芸，服飾等多方面に用いられている。新石器時代の土器やエジプトの壺絵（幾何学様式）にみられる純粋に幾何学的なもの，雷文，流水文のように様式化したもの，アカンサス，アラベスク，パルメット等のように動植物をモティーフとしたものに大別されるが，一般に徐々に形や構成を簡略化し，抽象化される傾向がある。

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