TAT - Thematic Apperception Test

Japanese: TAT - てぃーえーてぃー(英語表記)thematic apperception test
TAT - Thematic Apperception Test

It is translated as thematic or pictorial apprehension test and is widely used in Japan. It is a representative projective method devised by a research group at Harvard University led by HA Murray. In this method, subjects are shown somewhat ambiguous pictures and asked to create an imaginative story based on the people and situations depicted in the pictures, in order to grasp the unique personality traits of the person that naturally emerge from the content of the story.

Murray's basic concept is to grasp the theme of the story based on the relationship between the needs of the hero, with whom the subject is thought to identify, and the pressures exerted by the environment in a way that promotes or hinders those needs, and to analyze the subject's personality traits by paying attention to the happiness or unhappiness of the story's ending, the emotional tone of the characters, etc. Later, original analytical methods were proposed by F. Wyatt, L. Bellak, and others.

In addition, since it uses pictures that depict people and scenes with a certain degree of detail, different pictures are needed depending on the subjects and purposes for which it is applied, and the Harvard version originally had 20 cards for adult men, but later replacement cards were added for women, boys and girls, clinical use, etc., and series for specific purposes and unique series for different cultural spheres were created. In Japan, Japanese versions such as the Waseda University version "Picture Appreciation Test" are used. These variations are now generally referred to as the TAT.

[Masatoshi Tomita]

[Reference] | Projection

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

主題統覚検査または絵画統覚検査と訳され、わが国でも広く用いられている。マレーH. A. Murrayを中心とするハーバード大学の研究グループが考案した代表的な投影法の一種で、いくぶんあいまいな絵画を見せて、そこに描かれている人物や状況から想像による物語をつくらせ、その内容におのずと現れるその人独自の人格特性を把握しようとする方法である。

 マレーの基本構想は、そうした物語のなかで、被検者が自分と同一視していると思われる主人公heroが示す欲求needと、そうした欲求を促進したり阻止したりする形で環境が働きかける圧力pressとの関係によって、その物語に備わる主題themeを把握し、さらに物語の結末の幸・不幸、登場人物の示す感情調などにも注目して、被検者の人格特性を分析する、というものである。その後、ワイアットF. Wyatt、ベラックL. Bellakなどによって独自の分析方法が提起されている。

 また、ある程度具体的に人物や場面を描いた絵画を用いるので、適用する対象や目的に応じて異なる絵が必要であり、ハーバード版でも最初成人男子用20枚であったが、のちに女性用、少年・少女用、臨床用などの差し替え用カードが加えられたし、限定された目的のためのシリーズ、異なる文化圏での独自のシリーズなどがつくられた。わが国でも、早稲田(わせだ)大学版「絵画統覚検査」などの日本版が用いられている。現在では一般に、こうした変法を含めてTATとよんでいる。

[冨田正利]

[参照項目] | 投影法

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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