Mā warā' al‐Nahr (English spelling)

Japanese: マー・ワラー・アンナフル(英語表記)Mā warā’ al‐Nahr
Mā warā' al‐Nahr (English spelling)
The name given by the Arabs to the oasis settlements north of the Amu Darya, including Bukhara and Samarkand, during the period of Arab invasion and Arab rule (8th-9th centuries). In Arabic, it means "the land beyond the river (Amu Darya)". It is the same as the Western name for this region, Transoxiana, which means "the land beyond the Oxus River (Amu Darya)". In contrast, the nomadic region north of the Syr Darya was called Turkestan, or in Persian, "the land of the Turks". However, after the Kara-Khanid dynasty's rule of Ma Wara'annahr, which began at the end of the 10th century, Turks gradually flowed into this region, Turkifying it, which had previously been called Persian. As a result, this region is now also called Turkestan, and the term Ma Wara'annahr is used as a more elegant name for the region.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:
アラブの侵入期およびアラブ支配時代(8~9世紀)にアラブがブハラ,サマルカンドを含むアム・ダリヤ以北のオアシス定住地帯を呼んだ名称。アラビア語で〈川(アム・ダリヤ)のかなたの地〉を意味する。西方世界でのこの地方に対する呼称トランソクシアナTransoxiana,すなわち〈オクスス川(アム・ダリヤ)のかなたの地〉と同義である。これに対し,シル・ダリヤ以北の遊牧地帯はトルキスタン,すなわちペルシア語で〈トルコ人の住地〉と呼ばれたが,10世紀末に始まるカラ・ハーン朝のマー・ワラー・アンナフル支配以後,この地方に徐々にトルコ人が流入して,従来ペルシア語の用いられていたこの地方をトルコ化した結果,現在ではこの地方をもトルキスタンと呼び,マー・ワラー・アンナフルという用語は,いわばこの地方に対する雅称として用いられている。

出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報

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