Swap agreement

Japanese: スワップ協定 - すわっぷきょうてい(英語表記)swap agreement
Swap agreement

An agreement in which the central banks of two countries mutually deposit a fixed amount of their own currencies for a fixed period of time. The acquired currency of the other country is primarily used as a stable exchange fund. Most agreements are short-term, lasting three or six months, but can be renewed with the consent of both parties. In order to avoid the exchange rate risk associated with holding the other country's currency, repayments are made at the exchange rate at the time of the deposit.

The first swap agreement was made in 1959 between the Federal Reserve System of the United States and the former West German central bank (Bundesbank), but the Federal Reserve System later expanded its network of agreements to defend the dollar, and the Bank of Japan also signed an agreement with the system in 1963 (Showa 38). Since this agreement was originally a bilateral method of providing credit, it has since been agreed upon between central banks of various countries and is used as a means of overcoming international balance of payments crises. Note that the acquired currency of the other country can be invested in Treasury bills (TBs) and other instruments if it is not used for foreign exchange manipulation.

[Tsuchiya Rokuro]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

二か国の中央銀行が一定額の自国通貨を一定期間相互に預け合うことを取り決めた協定。取得した相手国通貨は主として為替(かわせ)安定資金に使用される。多くは3か月ないし6か月の短期協定であるが、双方の合意があれば更新できる。相手国通貨をもつことに伴う為替リスクを回避するため、返済は預け合ったときの為替相場によって行われる。

 スワップ協定は、1959年にアメリカの連邦準備制度が旧西ドイツの中央銀行(ブンデスバンク)との間で締結したのが最初であるが、その後アメリカの連邦準備制度はドル防衛のために協定網を拡大し、日本銀行も1963年(昭和38)に同制度と協定を結んだ。この協定は、もともと双務的な信用供与の方法なので、その後、各国の中央銀行間でも協定が結ばれ、国際収支危機を乗り切る手段として利用されている。なお、取得した相手国通貨は、為替操作に使用しない場合には財務省証券(TB)などに投資できる。

[土屋六郎]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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