Monjoin

During the Heian period, this was an educational institution for students of literary studies. It was founded around 834 (Jowa 1) on the grounds of Daigaku-ryo at the suggestion of Sugawara no Kiyokimi. It was divided into two schools, East and West, with the East being attended by members of the Oe, Takaoka, Fujiwara, Ki, and Miyoshi clans, and the West by members of the Sugawara, Fujiwara (split by school lineage), and Tachibana clans. Later, the Oe clan became the head of the East and the Sugawara clan became the head of the West, and students of literary studies from clans that did not have a Daigaku-besso boarded there, as well as a place where students who had completed their literary studies could generally enroll and study. It is an educational institution for a university, and its nature is different from the Daigaku-besso of each clan.

[Tokuro Otsuka]

"A Study of the Ancient Educational System by Momo Hiroyuki (1947, Meguro Shoten / Reprinted in 1983, Yoshikawa Kobunkan)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

平安時代、文章道の学生(がくしょう)の教育機関。834年（承和1）ごろ菅原清公(すがわらのきよきみ)の建議で、大学寮敷地内に創設。東西両曹司(ぞうし)に分かれ、東曹は大江、高丘、藤原、紀(き)、三善(みよし)の各氏の者が、西曹は菅原、藤原（門流によって分かれる）、橘(たちばな)の各氏の者が籍を置いて勉学した。のちには、東曹は大江氏、西曹は菅原氏が曹主となり、大学別曹をもたない氏の文章生が寄宿するとともに、一般に文章得業(とくごう)生になった者が籍を置いて研鑽(けんさん)する場所となる。大学の教育機関で、各氏の大学別曹とは性格が異なる。

［大塚徳郎］

『桃裕行著『上代学制の研究』（1947・目黒書店／復刻・1983・吉川弘文館）』

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