Schumann

Japanese: シューマン

German composer. Born in Zwickau to parents blessed with artistic talent. While he showed musical talent from an early age, he was also passionate about literature and was an avid reader of Jean Paul. He studied law at the universities of Leipzig and Heidelberg, but stopped midway through and studied piano in earnest under F. Wieck, the father of his future wife, Clara. After injuring his right hand, he gave up on the path to becoming a pianist and devoted himself to composition. He produced a succession of masterpieces of German Romantic piano music, including Carnival (1835), Scenes from Childhood (1838), Kreisleriana, and Fantaisie (both 1838). In 1834, he founded the magazine Ongaku Shinpo, and wrote prolifically about new music by Chopin, Brahms, and others. In 1840, he married Clara, and in the midst of their happiness, he quickly completed song collections such as Der Poet's Love, two volumes of Liederkreis, and Die Welt und Leben (both in 1840). He later served as a choir and orchestra conductor, but his nervous disorder worsened and he jumped into the Rhine in 1854, and died two years later in a psychiatric hospital in Endenich. A pioneer of the Romantic movement who expressed delicate emotions poetically, his works include piano pieces and songs, as well as four symphonies (1841, 1845-1846, 1850, 1841-1851), Piano Concerto (1841-1845), Cello Concerto (1850), Scenes from Goethe's Faust (1844-1853), and numerous chamber music pieces. In recent years, there has been much re-evaluation of the religious music he produced in his later years, such as "Mass Sacra in C minor" (1852-1853, premiered in 1861). His wife, Clara Schumann (1819-1896), was known as one of the leading female pianists of the 19th century, and as a composer she also left behind piano pieces and songs. →Schubert/Joachim/Lied→Related topicsEichendorff|Wolf|Songbook|Uhland|The Boy's Magic Horn|Smetana|Cello|Zwickau|Du Pré|Hanslick|La Marseillaise|Romanticism

Schumann

French politician. He was captured by the German army during World War II, but escaped and joined the resistance. After the war, he joined the People's Republican Party and served as Minister of Finance, Prime Minister, and Foreign Minister (1948-1953). In 1950, while he was Foreign Minister, he proposed the Schuman Plan. He also served as President of the European Assembly of the EEC (European Economic Community) from 1958 to 1960.

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

ドイツの作曲家。芸術的素養に恵まれた両親の間にツウィッカウで生まれる。早くから音楽の天分をみせる一方，文学にも熱中し，ジャン・パウルを愛読。ライプチヒ大学とハイデルベルク大学で法律を学ぶが，学業を半ばで打ち切り，のちの妻クララClaraの父F.ウィークについてピアノを本格的に学んだ。右手を痛めてピアノ奏者への道を断念し，作曲に専心。《謝肉祭》（1835年），《子どもの情景》（1838年），《クライスレリアーナ》《幻想曲》（ともに1838年）など，ドイツ・ロマン派のピアノ音楽の精華が相次いで誕生した。1834年に雑誌《音楽新報》を創刊し，ショパンやブラームスらの新しい音楽のために健筆を振るう。1840年クララと結婚，その幸福の中で歌曲集《詩人の恋》《リーダークライス》２巻，《女の愛と生涯》（いずれも1840年）などを一気に仕上げた。その後，合唱団，管弦楽団の指揮なども務めたが，神経障害が高じ1854年ライン川に投身，エンデニヒの精神病院で２年後に死去した。こまやかな感情を詩的に表現したロマン派の旗手で，作品にはピアノ曲と歌曲のほか，４つの交響曲（1841年，1845年−1846年，1850年，1841年−1851年），《ピアノ協奏曲》（1841年−1845年），《チェロ協奏曲》（1850年），《ゲーテのファウストからの情景》（1844年−1853年），数多くの室内楽曲などがある。《ミサ・サクラ・ハ短調》（1852年−1853年，初演1861年）などの晩年の宗教音楽も，近年再評価の声が高い。妻クララ・シューマン〔1819-1896〕は19世紀を代表する女性ピアノ奏者として知られ，作曲家としてもピアノ曲，歌曲などを残した。→シューベルト／ヨアヒム／リート
→関連項目アイヒェンドルフ｜ウォルフ｜歌の本｜ウーラント｜少年の魔法の角笛｜スメタナ｜チェロ｜ツウィッカウ｜デュ・プレ｜ハンスリック｜ラ・マルセイエーズ｜ロマン主義