Moravia (English spelling) Moravia, Alberto

Japanese: モラビア（英語表記）Moravia， Alberto

Born: November 28, 1907 in Rome
[Died] September 26, 1990. Italian novelist and critic. His real name was Pincherle. At the age of nine, he suffered from spinal caries, but was largely self-taught and became well versed in world literature. He self-published his first novel, Gli indifferenti (1929), which was a great success and he became independent as a writer, but writing was banned during the Fascist era. After World War II, he published La romana (A Roman Woman) (47) and La ciociara (Two Women) (57), in line with the trend of neorealism literature, and also published a series of short stories set in Rome, Racconti romani (54) and Nuovi racconti romani (New Roman Stories) (59). In the 1960s, he launched an anti-capitalist literary movement with works such as La noia (60) and L'attenzione (65), which dealt with alienation as a theme. His later novels include Una cosa è una cosa (67), Il paradiso (70), and Io e lui (71). His critical works include L'uomo come fine e altri saggi (64), La rivoluzione culturale in Cina (67), and A quale tribù appartieni ? (72).

Moravia
Moravia

Morava in Czech and Mähren in German. A region in the eastern part of the Czech Republic. Formerly part of the Great Moravian Empire. It borders the Czech region of Bohemia to the west, Slovakia to the east and southeast, Poland to the north, and Austria to the south. The area was inhabited by Celts from the 4th century BC, but was later replaced by Germanic peoples, and by the 8th century it was inhabited by Slavs. It was once subordinate to the Frankish Emperor Charles the Great (reigned 768-814), but later became independent and established the Great Moravian Empire in the first half of the 9th century. It was destroyed by the Magyars in the early 10th century, and was incorporated into the Kingdom of Bohemia in the 11th century, becoming part of the Holy Roman Empire. In the 14th century it came under the rule of the Dukes of Luxembourg and played an important role in the empire. In the 16th century, it became part of the Habsburg territories along with Bohemia and Silesia, and in 1918 it became part of Czechoslovakia when it gained independence. It became part of the Czech Republic in January 1993. In 1930, over 70% of the total population was Czech and over 20% was German, but after World War II, most of the Germans were forced to emigrate to Germany. It has long been an iron-producing region, and the machinery and metal industries are thriving, with the woolen textile industry maintaining its prosperity since the 14th century.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1907.11.28. ローマ
[没]1990.9.26. ローマ
イタリアの小説家，評論家。本名 Pincherle。9歳のとき脊椎カリエスにかかり，ほとんど独学で広く世界文学に通暁した。最初の長編『無関心な人びと』 Gli indifferenti (1929) を自費出版して大成功を収め，作家として独立したが，ファシズム時代には執筆を禁止された。第2次世界大戦後，ネオレアリズモ文学の風潮と軌を一にして『ローマの女』 La romana (47) ，『二人の女』 La ciociara (57) を発表し，さらに，ローマを舞台にした短編小説群『ローマ物語』 Racconti romani (54) ，『新ローマ物語』 Nuovi racconti romani (59) などを発表。また 1960年代に入ってからは，『倦怠』 La noia (60) ，『関心』L'attenzione (65) など，疎外をテーマに反資本主義の文学運動を展開。その後のおもな小説に『物は物』 Una cosa è una cosa (67) ，『パラダイス』 Il paradiso (70) ，『わたしとあいつ』 Io e lui (71) などがある。また評論に『目的としての人間』L'uomo come fine e altri saggi (64) ，『中国の文化大革命』 La rivoluzione culturale in Cina (67) ，『アフリカ文明紀行』A quale tribù appartieni ? (72) など。

モラビア
Moravia

チェコ語ではモラバ Morava，ドイツ語ではメーレン Mähren。チェコ東部の地方。かつての大モラビア帝国の地。西はチェコのチェヒ (ボヘミア) 地方，東－南東はスロバキア，北はポーランド，南はオーストリアに接する。前4世紀頃からケルト人が住んだが，その後ゲルマン人が代り，8世紀からはスラブ人の居住地となった。一時フランク王国のカルル (カレル) 大帝 (在位 768～814) に服属したが，その後独立して9世紀前半には大モラビア帝国を設立。 10世紀初めマジャール人の侵入によって滅ぼされ，11世紀ボヘミア王国に編入されて神聖ローマ帝国の一部となった。 14世紀ルクセンブルク公家の支配下におかれ，帝国内で重きをなした。 16世紀にはボヘミア，シュレジエンとともにハプスブルク家領の一部，1918年チェコスロバキアの独立とともにその一部となった。 93年1月よりチェコの一部。 30年当時全人口の7割強がチェコ人，2割強がドイツ人であったが，第2次世界大戦後大部分のドイツ人はドイツに移住させられた。古くから鉄の産地で，機械，金属工業が盛んであり，毛織物工業も 14世紀以来の繁栄を保っている。

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