The custom of showing hospitality to guests by providing them with food, drink, and lodging can be found in almost every society, but in a society where the authority of the state has not yet fully taken hold in people's hearts, this hospitality has a much greater significance than it does in modern societies. First of all, in such societies, the hospitality of visiting guests is not left to the discretion of the individual, but is generally considered a social obligation performed by the family or kinship group. There is a famous episode in Homer's Iliad in which two opposing warriors immediately cease fighting when they find out that their ancestors were bound together by hospitality (more on this later), which shows that in Greece at the time of Homer, the bond of hospitality was something that was inherited. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
客人に飲食や宿舎を与えてもてなす風習はほとんどあらゆる社会にみられるが,国家の権威が人心にいまだ十分浸透していない段階では,こうしたもてなしは,近代社会における場合とは比較にならぬほど大きな意義をもっている。 まず,そのような社会では,訪れる客のもてなしは個人の自由裁量にゆだねられるものではなく,一般に家や親族集団を単位として行われる社会的義務とみなされている。ホメロスの《イーリアス》の中に,敵対する2人の戦士が,互いの先祖がもてなしによって結ばれた関係にあることを知ると,ただちに戦いをやめるという有名なエピソードがあるが(詳しくは後述),それなどはホメロスの時代のギリシアにおいて,もてなしの紐帯(ちゆうたい)が〈相続〉されるものであったことを物語るものであろう。
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