Also called the crack stress field coefficient. It was introduced by G. Irwin (1957) as a parameter that represents the stress field near the crack tip (the region where the magnitude of stress is a function of position). It has dimensions of (stress) × (length) 1/2 and indicates the value and spread of stress near the crack tip. Therefore, if the value of this coefficient is the same, the stress distribution at the crack tip will be congruent. This coefficient is also related to the energy consumed for crack growth and the growth rate of fatigue cracks, and its limit value is applied to brittle fracture as a fracture toughness value, and is used in strength design. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
亀裂応力場係数ともいう。亀裂先端の近傍の応力場 (応力の大きさが位置の関数となる領域) を表わすパラメータとして,G.アーウィンによって導入された (1957) 。これは (応力) × (長さ) 1/2 の次元をもち,亀裂先端付近の応力の値と広がりを示す。したがってこの係数の値が同じならば,亀裂先端では合同な応力分布となる。この係数は亀裂進展に費やされるエネルギーや疲れ亀裂の進展速度とも関係づけられるほか,その限界値が破壊靭性値として脆性破壊に適用されるなど,強度設計に応用されている。
出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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