A method of public relief for victims of crime. Also known as crime victim compensation. In order to provide relief to victims or their families who are unable to receive compensation for damages and are left in miserable situations, the state compensates for damages on behalf of the perpetrator. In Japan, there were calls for legislation in the wake of incidents of random attacks and indiscriminate murders, and in 1980 the Crime Victims Benefits Payment Act (Law No. 36 of 1980) was enacted (enacted 1 January 1981) to provide compensation to victims or their surviving families of random attacks. This law stipulates that the state will pay benefits to the surviving families of those who die unexpectedly or those who suffer serious injuries due to intentional crimes that harm the life or body of another person. (→Basic Act on Crime Victims) Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
犯罪の犠牲となった被害者に対する公的救済方法の一つ。犯罪被害者補償ともいう。犯罪による被害者ないし家族が実際上,損害賠償を受けられず,悲惨な事態にあるのを救済するため,国が加害者に代わって損害を填補する制度。日本でも,通り魔的犯罪や無差別殺人を契機に立法化が叫ばれていたが,1980年に通り魔的事件の被害者ないしはその遺族に国が補償金を支給する犯罪被害者等給付金支給法 (昭和 55年法律 36号) が制定された (1981.1.1.施行) 。この法律は,人の生命または身体を害する故意の犯罪により不慮の死を遂げた者の遺族または重傷害を受けた者に対し,国が給付金を支払うことを定める。 (→犯罪被害者等基本法 )
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