Cotton balls - Menyaku

Japanese: 綿薬 - メンヤク
Cotton balls - Menyaku

Nitric ester obtained by reacting cellulose with nitric acid is called nitrocellulose, and the one used for explosives is called cotton powder or gunpowder cotton. The amount of nitrogen contained in cotton powder is expressed as a percentage, with 12% or more being strong cotton powder, 11-10% being weak cotton powder, and 10% or less being brittle cotton powder. However, strong cotton powder is sometimes called cotton powder. Cotton powder was discovered by CF Schönbein of Germany in 1845 and was used widely as an explosive, such as a raw material for smokeless powder, a base for dynamite when mixed with nitroglycerin, an explosive when compressed, and an ignition powder for electric detonators, but is now limited to smokeless powder and dynamite. However, weak cotton powder and brittle cotton powder are used as raw materials for celluloid, lacquer paint, artificial leather, and cosmetics such as nail polish. Cotton powder is a nitric ester and therefore tends to naturally decompose through hydrolysis. During production, it has become possible to practically prevent natural decomposition by repeatedly boiling and washing the material to thoroughly remove the acid, or by adding agents that prevent natural decomposition.

Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition

Japanese:

セルロースを硫硝混酸などと反応させて得られる硝酸エステルをニトロセルロースといい,このうち火薬類としての用途に供せられるものを綿薬または綿火薬という.綿薬の含有する窒素量をパーセントで表し,12% 以上を強綿薬,11~10% を弱綿薬,10% 以下を脆綿薬という.ただし,強綿薬のことを綿薬ということもある.1845年,ドイツのC.F. Schönbein(シェーンバイン)によって発見された綿薬は,火薬類として,無煙火薬の原料,ニトログリセリンとまぜてダイナマイトの基剤,圧搾して炸(さく)薬,電気雷管の点火薬などと幅広く用いられたが,現在では無煙火薬とダイナマイト用に限られている.しかし,弱綿薬,脆綿薬はセルロイド,ラッカー塗料,人造皮革,マニキュアなどの化粧品などの原料に用いられている.綿薬は硝酸エステルであるため,加水分解により自然分解の傾向がある.その製造にあたり十分に酸分を除くため煮洗を繰り返すこと,または自然分解防止剤の添加などにより実用的に自然分解防止ができるようになった.

出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報

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