Finnish novelist, poet and playwright. Born in Vipli (Vyborg), Karelia (now part of the Russian Federation). He studied history at university, and later published his works while working in publishing. Since his debut in 1954, he has been writing avant-garde war novels. His experiences of witnessing the Soviet-Finnish war and other events made him feel that he "had to write about war," which gave him a unique view of history. His perspective is always on an ordinary person in a corner of wartime, and with the war in the background, he coldly and precisely follows the process by which even ordinary human endeavours are reduced to nothing. All he presents is the pantomime of a traveller heading towards nothingness, an answer without an answer. The bitter humor and tragedy that permeate his works make them parodies of war. Technically, he was influenced by the contemporary Japanese novel structure he learned about through Natsume Soseki and Ooka Shohei, as well as Chekhov's creative attitude, and constructed his own unique world of "nouveau roman." One of his representative works is "The Manila Rope" (1957), a novel that tells the story of a peculiar soldier who wraps a rope he finds on the roadside around himself as he leaves the front line. He expressed the deep psychology of humans seeking release from madness in a unique style that incorporates short stories, and became a representative writer of Finnish prose modernism. He received international acclaim, including the Nordic Council Literature Prize in 1971, and his works have been translated into many languages. His other novels include "Something Happened in 1918" (1960), "The Woman in the Mirror" (1963), "The Cemetery" (1964), "The Sergeant's Son" (1971), which received the Nordic Literature Prize, and "The Summer of an Ice Hockey Player" (1980), as well as a collection of poems, "Spring Like Morning" (1987). [Shizuo Takahashi and Jun Suenobu] [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
フィンランドの小説家、詩人、劇作家。カレリア地方(現ロシア連邦領)ビープリ(ビボルグ)市生まれ。大学で歴史を学び、その後、出版業などに携わるかたわら作品を発表する。1954年のデビュー以来、前衛的な戦争小説を書き続けている。ソビエト・フィンランド戦争などを目撃したことが、「戦争を書かないではいられない」という下地となり、彼の史観を特異なものにした。彼の視点は、つねに戦時下の一隅にいる一平凡人の一点に向けられ、戦争を遠景に、人間の平凡な試みさえもが無に帰していく過程を、冷酷、精密に追う。彼による提示は、ただ、無へ向かう旅人のパントマイム、解答なき答えだけである。そこに漂っている苦いユーモアと悲劇性から作品は戦争のパロディーともいえる。技法的には、夏目漱石(そうせき)、大岡昇平を通して知った現代日本の小説構成や、チェーホフの創作態度の影響もみせて、独自の「新小説(ヌーボー・ロマン)」の世界を構築している。代表作として、道端で拾ったロープを体に巻き付け、前線から引き上げる特異な兵士の心境を物語った小説『マニラ麻のロープ』(1957)がある。狂気からの解放を求める人間の深層心理を、小話を絡めた独特の文体で表現し、フィンランドの散文のモダニズムを代表する作家となる。1971年には、北欧評議会の文学賞(北欧文学賞)を受賞するなど国際的に高い評価を受け、多くの言語に翻訳されている。そのほかに、『1918年の出来事』(1960)、『鏡に描かれた女』(1963)、『墓地』(1964)、北欧文学賞を受けた『軍曹の息子』(1971)、『アイスホッケー選手の夏』(1980)などの小説や、詩集『朝のような春』(1987)を著している。 [高橋静男・末延 淳] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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