This spirit was cultivated in Australia during the pioneering period. It is comparable to the American frontier spirit. It was originally born from the spirit of convicts who banded together to oppose the authorities. Furthermore, the spirit of "two heads are better than one" took root among pioneers, migrant workers, and gold miners during the Gold Rush, as cooperation was essential to overcome the harsh environment. This spirit expanded in modern times by linking with the labor movement and military organizations. Compared to the aggressive power of the frontier spirit, mateship was defensive and closed, and when this spirit was directed toward Asia, it bore the evil fruit of White Australia Policy. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
開拓期のオーストラリアに培われた気風。いわばアメリカのフロンティア・スピリットにあたる。元来は結束して官憲に対抗した流刑囚の気風から生まれ,さらには苛酷な風土に挑むうえで共同作業が不可欠という背景の下に,開拓者,渡り労働者,ゴールドラッシュ時の金鉱掘りの間で,〈1人よりは2人がまし〉という気風が定着した。この気風は労働運動や軍隊組織と結びついて近代的に拡大された。フロンティア・スピリットの突進力に比べてメートシップは防御的,閉鎖的で,この気風がアジアに向けられたとき,白豪主義に悪しき結実をみせた。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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