Subphrenic Abscess

Japanese: 横隔膜下膿瘍 - おうかくまくかのうよう(英語表記)Subphrenic Abscess
Subphrenic Abscess
[What kind of disease is it?]
A type of peritonitis (see "What is peritonitis?"), in which pus accumulates below the diaphragm (upper part of the abdominal cavity), is called a subphrenic abscess.
It's not that the diaphragm itself has gone bad.
When gastric ulcers, duodenal ulcers, cholecystitis, appendicitis, etc. progress to perforation (a hole in the wall of an organ), food, pus, and other contents leak into the abdominal cavity, causing peritonitis. This pus accumulates under the diaphragm. Peritonitis is often discovered as an acute condition, but it can also be chronic.
[Symptoms]
Many cases are accompanied by severe abdominal pain, but some cases are almost painless. Symptoms include high fever, chills, and shivering (uncontrollable shivering).
[Testing and diagnosis]
When the upper abdomen is pressed, there is severe pain and the abdomen feels hard. A chest X-ray taken in a standing position shows gas below the diaphragm. This is usually gas leaking from a perforated intestine or other organ, but it can also be gas produced by bacteria.
Blood tests show an increase in white blood cells, and inflammatory responses such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate and CRP (a test to examine C-reactive protein, which increases when there is inflammation) are high.
Ultrasound and CT scans can provide a detailed picture of the condition of the abdomen.
[Treatment]
In most cases, it is caused by acute peritonitis and requires emergency treatment. If treatment is delayed, it can be fatal.
After diagnosing the cause, an abdominal surgery is performed to remove the cause of the peritonitis by stitching up holes in the walls of the stomach and intestines, removing the gallbladder, and removing the appendix.
Any pus that has accumulated in the abdominal cavity will be drained, the cavity will be washed with warm water to clean it, and then antibiotics will be administered.
To prevent the accumulation of pus and blood caused by smoldering inflammation after surgery, a tube is inserted into the abdominal cavity to allow the pus to drain out of the body.
After surgery, you will usually be given antibiotics via intravenous injection.
[prevention]
People with stomach ulcers, duodenal ulcers, gallstones, etc. should seek treatment early to prevent the ulcers from causing holes in the organs or causing cholecystitis. Also, people with cholecystitis or appendicitis should seek treatment promptly.

Source: Shogakukan Home Medical Library Information

Japanese:
[どんな病気か]
 腹膜炎(ふくまくえん)(「腹膜炎とは」)の一種で、横隔膜の下(腹腔(ふくくう)の上部)に膿(うみ)がたまった状態を横隔膜下膿瘍といいます。
 横隔膜自体が悪くなったわけではありません。
 胃潰瘍(いかいよう)、十二指腸潰瘍(じゅうにしちょうかいよう)、胆嚢炎(たんのうえん)、虫垂炎(ちゅうすいえん)などが進んで穿孔(せんこう)(臓器の壁に孔(あな)があくこと)をおこすと、食物や膿などの内容物が腹腔にもれ出し、腹膜炎がおこります。この膿が、横隔膜の下にたまっておこります。急性におこって発見されることが多いのですが、慢性のものもあります。
[症状]
 激しい腹痛をともなうものが多いのですが、なかには痛みのほとんどないものもあります。高熱、悪寒(おかん)、戦慄(せんりつ)(震(ふる)えが止まらない)などがおこります。
[検査と診断]
 上腹部を押すと強い痛みがあり、おなかはかたくなります。立って撮影した胸部X線写真には、横隔膜下にガスの像が写ります。これはたいてい、孔のあいた腸管などの臓器からもれ出たガスですが、細菌が産生したガスであることもあります。
 血液検査では、白血球(はっけっきゅう)が増加し、血沈(けっちん)検査やCRP検査(炎症があると増えるC反応性たんぱくを調べる検査)などの炎症反応が高値となります。
 超音波検査やCT検査をすると、腹部の状態が詳しくわかります。
[治療]
 急性の腹膜炎によるものが多く、緊急に処置しなければなりません。手遅れになると死亡することもあります。
 原因などの状況を診断し、開腹手術を行ないます。胃や腸の壁にあいた孔を縫い合わせたり、胆嚢を摘出したり、虫垂を切除したりして、腹膜炎の原因を除去します。
 腹腔にたまっている膿を排出し、温水で腹腔を洗浄して清潔にしてから、抗生物質を散布します。
 手術後にくすぶる炎症による膿や出血した血液がたまらないように、チューブを腹腔に入れ、膿が体外に排出されるようにします。
 手術後は、ふつう抗生物質を点滴注射します。
[予防]
 胃潰瘍、十二指腸潰瘍、胆石(たんせき)などがある人は、早めに治療し、潰瘍によって臓器に孔があいたり、胆嚢炎がおこったりしないようにします。また、胆嚢炎や虫垂炎がある場合は、すみやかに治療を受けなければなりません。

出典 小学館家庭医学館について 情報

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