The name of a region in central Germany. Refers to the area in the middle and upper reaches of the Main River, reaching the Czech border in the east and the Rhine in the west. During the period of migration, it was a place of conflict between the Thuringians and the Alamanni (Alemannians), but around the 6th century, the Franks advanced from the west and settled there, and it was incorporated into the Frankish Kingdom around 720. Since the 8th century, it has been called East Frank, Francia Orientalis. After the Carolingian dynasty ended (911), the Duchy of Franconia was created here, and the Conradinian family held the title of duke, but this was only temporary, and Otto I dissolved it in 939 and divided it into East Franconia and Rhine Franconia. In the former, the Bishop of Würzburg held a large share of the territory and enjoyed overwhelming dominance, and in 1168 Emperor Frederick I bestowed on him the title of Duke of Franconia (a title that continued until 1802). In the latter, the House of Salier, which held the Rhine-Franconian region, became king under Conrad II in 1024, and the Salier dynasty (or Franconian dynasty) continued for a century. However, after its extinction, the family's territory was divided into four parts, which encouraged the rise of small and medium-sized nobles. In particular, numerous imperial knights and imperial villages were created in a flurry, including the margraves of Ansbach and Bayreuth, the counties of Castel, Henneberg, Hohenlohe, Rheineck, and Wertheim, as well as the bishoprics of Würzburg, Bamberg, and Eichstätt, the monastery of Fulda, the cities of Nuremberg, and Rothenburg, among others. In 1500, Emperor Maximilian I divided the whole country into 10 districts as part of the Imperial Reformation, and included the above-mentioned feudal lords as the Franconia region, where a common cultural and social consciousness was fostered. As a result of the Treaty of Vienna in 1815, most of Franconia was returned to the Duchy of Bavaria, and today it forms the northern part of Bavaria. Agriculture and livestock breeding are thriving, and the region produces particularly delicious wine. Weaving and pottery are the only prominent industries. Blessed with many cultural assets, coupled with a clean natural environment, it has become a leading tourist destination. [Yoshio Sehara] A city lined with Renaissance-style buildings. In the center of the photo is the Siebers Tower (around 1385), and the area is called the "Plönrein (little place)" and is known for its scenery that conveys the townscape of medieval Germany. Germany Rothenburg © Tatsuo Katsumata "> Rothenburg cityscape Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ドイツ中部の地方名。マイン川中・上流域の地方をさし、東はチェコ国境、西はライン川に達する。民族移動期には、チューリンゲン人とアラマン(アレマンネン)人の抗争の地であったが、6世紀ごろ西方からフランク人が進出・定着して、720年ごろフランク王国に編入された。8世紀以来、東フランクFrancia Orientalisの呼称が用いられている。カロリング王朝断絶(911)ののち、ここにフランケン公国がつくられ、コンラディナー家が公位を得たが、一時的なもので、オットー1世は939年これを解体し、東フランケンとライン・フランケンに分けた。 前者ではウュルツブルク司教が大部の領地を領有して圧倒的優勢を誇り、1168年皇帝フリードリヒ1世は同司教にフランケン公の称号を贈った(1802年まで存続)。後者ライン・フランケン地方を領有したザリエル家は、1024年コンラート2世のとき国王となり、ザリエル朝(またはフランコニア朝)は1世紀間存続した。しかし、その断絶後、家領は四分五裂し、中小貴族の台頭を促した。すなわち、アンスバッハ、バイロイト各辺境伯、カステル、ヘンネベルク、ホーエンローエ、ライネック、ウェルトハイム各伯領をはじめとして、無数の帝国騎士、帝国直属村落が乱立し、これにウュルツブルク、バンベルク、アイヒシュテット各司教、フルダ修道院、ニュルンベルク市、ローテンブルク市などが加わる。 1500年皇帝マクシミリアン1世は、帝国改革の一環として全国土を10地区に編成したとき、前記の諸領主をフランケン地区として包括し、ここに文化的・社会的共通意識が醸成されることになった。1815年のウィーン条約の結果、フランケンの大部分はバイエルン公国に帰し、今日、バイエルン州の北部部分をなしている。農耕、家畜飼育が盛んで、とくに美味なぶどう酒を産出する。工業では織布、製陶が目だつ程度。多くの文化財に恵まれ、清澄な自然環境と相まって、有数の観光地域となっている。 [瀬原義生] ルネサンス様式の建物が並ぶ市街。写真中央奥はジーバース塔(1385年ごろ)で、その一帯は「プレーンライン(小さな場所)」とよばれ、中世ドイツの町並みを伝える景観として知られている。ドイツ ローテンブルク©Tatsuo Katsumata"> ローテンブルクの町並み 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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