May Day is a celebration of workers, a day when workers unite to demand their rights, and is observed worldwide on May 1st every year. The origin of May Day was a strike held on May 1, 1886 by the American Federation of Canadian Trade Unions (later the American Federation of Labor) demanding an eight-hour workday. At the time, workers were forced to live harsh lives, working more than 12 hours a day for low wages, and they rose up to improve this situation. At the founding congress of the Second International held in Paris three years later, it was resolved to hold a demonstration to realize the eight-hour workday, and May 1 was also designated as a day for the labor movement. Since then, May Day has spread throughout the international community. The first May Day in Japan was held in 1920 at Ueno Park in Tokyo. The workers, estimated to be between 5,000 and 10,000 people, gathered to protest, calling for an 8-hour workday and the establishment of a minimum wage law. However, as the footsteps of World War II approached, the February 26th Incident, led by young officers, occurred in 1936. May Day was banned, and was not held again until the end of the Pacific War in 1945. However, it was revived at the end of the war. The first May Day after the war in 1946 was held with a grand slogan of "Work as much as you can" and was held in a big way. In recent years, the economy has stabilized, and since May 1st has been included in the Golden Week long holiday, the number of participants in May Day has decreased. There are some younger generations who do not know what May Day is, but the original message of May Day, "8 hours of work, 8 hours of rest, and the remaining 8 hours for our own free time," is still passed down to this day. One incident related to May Day was the "Bloody May Day" that took place in 1952. This rally, which included protests against the San Francisco Peace Treaty and the Japan-US Security Treaty, resulted in violent clashes between demonstrators and police in the plaza in front of the Imperial Palace. It was a bloody disaster that left two demonstrators dead and over 1,500 injured on both sides. By the way, in Europe, May Day is not only a Labor Day, but also a holiday to enjoy "May Day," and traditional events are held all over the country, such as dressing up a "May Queen" wearing a flower crown. (Tomomi Takano, Freelance Writer / 2009) Source : "Chiezo" published by Asahi Shimbun Publications Co., Ltd. About Chiezo |
労働者の祭典。労働者が団結して権利を要求する日であり、世界的に毎年5月1日がメーデーとされている。 メーデーのきっかけとなったのは、1886年5月1日、アメリカの合衆国カナダ職能労働組合連盟(後のアメリカ労働総同盟)が8時間労働制を要求して行ったストライキ。当時の労働者は、低賃金で1日12時間以上働かされるなど、過酷な生活を強いられており、これを改善するために労働者自らが立ち上がった。3年後にパリで開かれた第2インターナショナル創立大会では、8時間労働制実現のデモを行うことが決議され、さらに5月1日を労働運動の日に設定した。これ以降、メーデーは国際社会に広がることとなった。 日本で初めてメーデーが行われたのは、1920年、東京・上野公園。集まったおよそ5000人とも1万人ともいわれる労働者らが、8時間労働制や最低賃金法の制定などを訴えた。しかし、世界大戦の足音が近づく中、36年には青年将校らによる2.26事件が発生。メーデーは禁止され、太平洋戦争が終わる45年までメーデーが開催されることはなかった。だが、終戦と同時に復活。戦後初めての46年メーデーでは、「働けるだけ喰(く)わせろ」がスローガンに掲げられ、盛大に開催された。近年、経済が安定し、5月1日がゴールデンウィークの長期休暇に含まれるようになって以来、メーデーへの参加者は減少。若い世代にはメーデーを知らない人も出てきているが、「8時間は労働、8時間は休息、そして残り8時間は自分たちの自由な時間のために」というメーデー誕生当初の主張は、いまも語り継がれている。 メーデーにまつわる事件としては、52年に起こった「血のメーデー」がある。サンフランシスコ講和条約、日米安全保障条約への抗議を含んだこの大会では、デモ隊と警官隊が皇居前広場で激しく衝突。デモ隊から死者2人、双方から1500人以上の負傷者を出す流血の大惨事となった。 ちなみに、ヨーロッパではメーデーを労働者の日としてだけでなく、「五月祭」を楽しむ祝日としており、花の冠をかぶせた「五月の女王」を仕立てる伝統行事などが各地で開催される。 (高野朋美 フリーライター / 2009年) 出典 (株)朝日新聞出版発行「知恵蔵」知恵蔵について 情報 |
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