Aquinas, T. - The Devil

Japanese: アクイナス,T. - あくいなす
Aquinas, T. - The Devil

…But in medieval sacramental theology, the focus was on the mediation of grace given through individual sacraments at important moments in life. Thomas Aquinas divided Augustine's signum into matter (materia) and form (forma) based on Aristotle's theory of matter and form, assigning the former to the water of baptism, the bread and wine of the Eucharist, and the latter to the words of institution. He also discussed Augustine's matter (res) in detail as the effectus gratiae, the effect of the grace brought by each sacrament. …

From Thomas Aquinas

…Italian theologian, philosopher, and saint. One of the thinkers who built the Golden Age of Scholasticism.
[Life and works]
He was born in Roccasecca, the castle of his father, as the youngest son (with three older brothers and five older sisters) of Landolfo of Aquino, a knight in the service of Emperor Frederick II, and Theodora from Lombardy. Because his territory was located almost halfway between Rome and Naples, on the border between the Papal States and the Imperial States, his family was constantly embroiled in conflicts, and Thomas spent his childhood surrounded by the clanging of arms and the neighing of war horses.

From the Universal Debate

…Later, the Chartres and Saint Victor schools recognized that universal concepts are formed by the intellect's functions of comparison and abstraction. In the 13th century, Thomas Aquinas adopted the theory of the Arabian philosopher Ibn Sina (Avicenna) and believed that universals exist divinely "ante rem" before things, naturally "in re" within things, and post rem after things through the abstraction of the intellect. Thus, universals are considered to be the product of the intellect and to correspond to reality. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Aquinas, T." is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…しかし,中世の秘跡神学では,人生の重要な契機にあたって個々の秘跡を通して与えられる恩恵の仲介に主力が注がれた。トマス・アクイナスはアウグスティヌスの〈しるしsignum〉をアリストテレスの質料形相論によって〈質料materia〉と〈形相forma〉に分け,前者には洗礼の水や聖餐のパンとブドウ酒を,後者には制定のことばを当てた。またアウグスティヌスの〈事自体res〉に関しては,各秘跡のもたらす恩恵の効果effectus gratiaeとして詳細に論じている。…

【トマス・アクイナス】より

…イタリアの神学者,哲学者,聖人。スコラ学の黄金時代を築いた思想家の一人。
[生涯と著作]
 皇帝フリードリヒ2世に仕える騎士アクイノのランドルフォとロンバルディア出身のテオドラの間の末子(3人の兄,5人の姉がある)として,父親の居城ロッカセッカで生まれる。領地がローマとナポリのほぼ中間,教皇領と皇帝領の境界線に位置していたため,一族はたえず紛争にまきこまれ,トマスは武具の響き,軍馬のいななきにかこまれて幼年時代を送った。…

【普遍論争】より

…その後シャルトル学派やサン・ビクトール学派では,比較や抽象という知性の作用によって普遍概念が形成されることがみとめられた。 13世紀のトマス・アクイナスはアラビアの哲学者イブン・シーナー(アビセンナ)の説をとり入れ,普遍は神的には〈ものの前にante rem〉,自然的には〈もののうちにin re〉,知性の抽象によって〈ものの後にpost rem〉あると考えた。したがって普遍は知性の所産であるとともに実在に対応するものとされる。…

※「アクイナス,T.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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