French composer. Born in Avignon. From 1919, he studied harmony under Garon, counterpoint under Caussade, organ under Dupré, and composition under Ducas at the Paris Conservatory for 11 years. He was devoted to Debussy, whose influence is especially strong in his early works. He later created techniques such as "modes of limited transposition" (abbreviated as M.T.L., various symmetrical modes with the 12-chromatic scale and hexaton scale as their two extremes), "additional rhythms," and "irreversible rhythms" (rhythmic forms symmetrical forward and backward), and further extended them by composing "Modes of Note Values and Intensities" (1949), establishing serialism. This became an important bridge between impressionist music and the music of total serialism after World War II. Before the war, he formed a group called "Young France" with Jolivet, Lejure, and Baudriere, and aimed to revive the romantic aesthetic modeled on Berlioz (as seen in his masterpiece "Symphonie Turangalila" composed between 1946 and 1948), but Catholic mysticism was more important to him. This is evident in the orchestral works "The Ascension of Christ" (1932-33), "Colours of the Celestial City" (1963), and the piano piece "Visions of Amen" (1943). He also left behind many works based on bird songs, two of which came to fruition in the long opera "Saint Francis of Assisi" (1983). A leading figure in the contemporary French music world, he has received numerous international awards, including the Erasmus Prize in 1971, and in 1967 he founded the Messiaen Piano Competition as part of the Royan Music Festival. He is the author of My Language of Music (1944). In 1962, he married pianist Yvonne Loriod, who was the driving force behind the creation of his piano music. In 1985, he was awarded the Kyoto Prize. [Shuhei Hosokawa] "My Musical Language" translated by Hirao Takashio (1954, Ongaku No Tomosha)" ▽ "Messiaen" by P. Mari, translated by Yanaihara Isaku and Hirota Masatoshi (1973, Ongaku No Tomosha)" Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
フランスの作曲家。アビニョン生まれ。1919年より11年間、パリ音楽院でガロンに和声を、コサードに対位法を、デュプレにオルガンを、デュカースに作曲を学ぶ。ドビュッシーに傾倒し、とくに初期の作品にその影響が強い。その後、「移調の限られた旋法」(略称M・T・L。十二半音音階と六全音音階を両極端とするさまざまな対称的旋法)、「付加リズム」、「逆行不可能なリズム」(前後に対称なリズム形)などの技法を創造し、さらにその延長で『音価と強度のモード』(1949)を作曲、セリー主義を確立する。これは、印象主義音楽と第二次世界大戦後のトータル・セリエリズムの音楽を結ぶ重要な掛け橋となる。戦前には、ジョリベ、ルジュール、ボードリエと「若きフランス」というグループを結成し、ベルリオーズを範とするロマン主義美学の復興を目ざしたこともあったが(1946~48年作曲の代表作『トゥランガリラ交響曲』などにはその傾向が顕著である)、彼にとってより重要だったのはカトリック神秘主義である。これは、管弦楽曲『キリストの昇天』(1932~33)、『天の都市の色彩』(1963)、ピアノ曲『アーメンの幻影』(1943)などに顕著に示されている。また、鳥の歌声を基にした数多くの作品も残され、この二つは長大なオペラ『アッシジの聖フランチェスコ』(1983)となって結実した。 現代フランス音楽界の重鎮ともいうべき彼は、1971年のエラスムス賞をはじめ国際的にも数々の賞を受けており、67年にはロアイヤン音楽祭の一部としてメシアン・ピアノ・コンクールも設立されている。著作に『わが音楽語法』(1944)がある。私生活では、62年に彼のピアノ曲を生む原動力となったピアノ奏者イボンヌ・ロリオと結婚。85年に京都賞を受賞。 [細川周平] 『平尾貴四男訳『わが音楽語法』(1954・音楽之友社)』▽『P・マリ著、矢内原伊作・広田正敏訳『メシアン』(1973・音楽之友社)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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