The width of pressure fluctuation in a medium of sound waves. The pressure difference ΔP between when sound waves are present and when they are not is called the instantaneous sound pressure at that point. Usually, sound pressure is expressed as the square root of the mean square of ΔP over time, i.e., the effective value. The maximum sound pressure within a time period is called the peak sound pressure . It is known that the sensation of sound felt by the human ear is proportional to the logarithm of the sound pressure, so as a guideline for expressing sound intensity, 20 times the logarithm of the ratio of the reference sound pressure P0 to the sound pressure P to be compared, that is, 20 log 10 ( P / P0 ), is used. P0 is taken as 20μPa, the minimum sound pressure that a person with normal hearing perceives as sound. The unit in this case is decibels. The loudness of a sound expressed in decibels is called the sound pressure level. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
音波の媒質における圧力の変動分の幅。音波が存在する場合と存在しない場合の圧力差 ΔP をその点の瞬間音圧という。普通は,ΔP の時間についての2乗平均の平方根,すなわち実効値で音圧を表わす。また時間内での最大の音圧をピーク音圧という。人間の耳に感じる音の感覚は音圧の対数に比例することがわかっているから,音の強さを表わす目安として,基準の音圧 P0 と,比較する音圧 P との比の対数の 20 倍,すなわち 20 log 10(P/P0) を用いる。 P0 としては,正常な聴力をもつ人が音として感じる最小の音圧 20μPa をとる。このときの単位がデシベルである。デシベル表示の音の大きさを音圧レベルという。
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