Mounier, Emmanuel

Japanese: ムーニエ(英語表記)Mounier, Emmanuel
Mounier, Emmanuel
Born: April 1, 1905 in Grenoble
[Died] March 22, 1950. Chatenay Malabry French philosopher. In 1924, he studied under Jacques Chevalier in Grenoble, and in 1927, he went to Paris, where he established the C. Péguy Study Group, which he further developed and founded the magazine Esprit in 1932. He taught at the École aux études in Brussels from 1933 to 1939, and served in the military from 1939 to 1940. In 1941, the magazine was banned, and in 1942 he was imprisoned for anti-government activities. It was relaunched in December 1944, and in 1945 he built a community facility, the Maison de Chatenay, in the suburbs of Paris. His personalism, deeply rooted in Christianity, is close to existentialism, but he rejects individualism as equally as totalitarianism. He also considered the meaning and role of the church in modern society, influencing young Catholics. His major works include Manifeste au service du personnalisme (1936), Traité du caractère (48), and Le Personnalisme (49).

Meunier
Meunier, Constantin

Born: April 12, 1831 in Etterbeek
Died: April 4, 1905. Ixelles. Belgian sculptor and painter. Full name Constantin Emile Meunier. He studied at the École des Beaux-Arts in Brussels, and studied under Charles de Groux. He first painted historical and religious paintings, such as "The Peasants' War" (1875, Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium), but from 1880 onwards, he often painted works depicting the lives of miners. In 1882 he went to Spain, where he produced "Good Friday Procession in Seville" (1882-83, Meunier Museum) and other works. After returning to Japan, he devoted himself mainly to sculpture, producing realistic works that expressed sympathy for workers, such as "The Ironworkers" (1885, Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium). In 1896, he was commissioned by the government to create a monument, and died while working on "Labor Monument". After his death, the Meunier Museum was established in his house.

Meunier
Mounier, Jean-Joseph

Born: November 12, 1758 in Grenoble
Died January 26, 1806. French politician in Paris. He served as a royal judge in Grenoble, convened the Three Estates General in Dauphiné in 1788, and proposed and led the Tennis Court Oath on June 20, 1789, as a representative of the Third Estate. He served as president of the National Assembly as a constitutionalist, but opposed the people's march to Versailles on October 5 and 6 of the same year, and went into exile in 1890. He returned to France after the coup of 18 Brumaire, and became a member of the Conseil d'Etat in 1805. His main work was Recherches sur les causes qui ont empeché les français de devenir libres (2 volumes, 1792).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1905.4.1. グルノーブル
[没]1950.3.22. シャトネイマラブリ
フランスの哲学者。 1924年グルノーブルでジャック・シュバリエに師事,27年パリに出,C.ペギー研究会をつくり,それを発展させて 32年に雑誌『エスプリ』 Espritを創刊。 33~39年ブリュッセルの高等学校で教鞭をとり,39~40年従軍。 41年,雑誌は発禁となり,42年には反政府運動のかどで投獄された。 44年 12月に復刊,45年にはパリ郊外に共同体施設「シャトネイの家」を建てた。キリスト教に深く根ざしたその人格主義は実存主義に近似しているが,個人主義を全体主義と等しく退ける。また,現代社会における教会の意味,役割を考察し,若いカトリック信者に影響を与えた。主著『人格主義のための宣言』 Manifeste au service du personnalisme (1936) ,『性格論』 Traité du caractère (48) ,『人格主義』 Le Personnalisme (49) 。

ムーニエ
Meunier, Constantin

[生]1831.4.12. エテルベーク
[没]1905.4.4. イクセル
ベルギーの彫刻家,画家。フルネーム Constantin Emile Meunier。ブリュッセルの美術学校で学び,シャルル・ド・グルーに師事。初め『農民戦争』(1875,ベルギー王立美術館)のような歴史画や宗教画を描いたが,1880年以降,多く炭鉱労働者の生活を題材とした。1882年スペインに行き,『セビリアのよき金曜日の行列』(1882~83,ムーニエ美術館)その他を制作。帰国後主として彫刻に専念し,『錬鉄工』(1885,ベルギー王立美術館)などの労働者への共感をこめた写実的作品を制作。1896年政府から記念碑制作の委嘱を受け,『労働記念碑』を制作中死亡。没後彼の家にムーニエ美術館が創設された。

ムーニエ
Mounier, Jean-Joseph

[生]1758.11.12. グルノーブル
[没]1806.1.26. パリ
フランスの政治家。グルノーブルで国王裁判官をつとめ,1788年ドーフィネの地方三部会を招集し,89年6月 20日第三身分代表として「テニスコートの誓い」を発議,指導。立憲派として,国民議会議長をつとめたが,同年 10月5,6日の民衆のベルサイユへの行進に反対し,90年亡命。ブリュメール十八日のクーデター後帰国し,1805年コンセイユ・デタの成員となった。主著『フランス人が自由になるのを妨げた原因についての研究』 Recherches sur les causes qui ont empeché les français de devenir libres (2巻,1792) 。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

<<:  Meunière (English spelling) French

>>:  Munebetsusen - Munebetsusen

Recommend

Esprit Nouveau

...The magazine gathered a wide range of up-and-c...

Alomicin

...Aloe contains over a dozen ingredients, includ...

Caulerpa okamurai (English spelling) Caulerpaokamurai

…[Mitsuo Chihara]. . . *Some of the terminology t...

Posidonius

…Greek philosopher from Apamea, Syria. Latin name...

Altimeter

An instrument that measures altitude above the gr...

Garden of Pleasure - Etsuraku no Sono

...The basic structure of a Western garden, in wh...

Thimble - Sashinuki

〘Noun〙① A type of hakama. A long, loose pair of ei...

"Kamiyui Shinza"

...By Kawatake Mokuami. Commonly known as "K...

Order of Culture

One of the national honors. It is awarded to thos...

Cummins, H.

...Palm prints are taken by gently applying press...

Collocalia

...A general term for birds belonging to the genu...

Sedimentation - Chinkobunri (English spelling) Sedimentation

This is the process of separating solid particles ...

Shinty

…However, the birthplace of hockey is believed to...

Geiger-Nuttall's law

This law states that when a nuclide belonging to a...