The Arabic word for Muslim. The plural is muslimūn. Originally it meant "devotee (to God)". According to Islamic law, Muslims are obligated to follow five rules: (1) confession of faith (shahada), (2) pray five times a day (salat), (3) fast (sawm) in the ninth month of the Islamic calendar (Ramadan), (4) charity (zakat), and (5) make a pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj) once in a lifetime if possible. The number of Muslims gradually increased during the Arab conquests in the 7th century, and Islamization of Central Asia, Egypt, and North Africa progressed in the 9th and 10th centuries. Today, Muslims are distributed from western China to Southeast Asia, India, Central Asia, West Asia, and Africa, and their number is said to be 700 million. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
イスラム教徒を意味するアラビア語。複数は muslimūn。本来は「 (神への) 帰依者」の意味。イスラム法の規定によれば,ムスリムは次の5行を義務づけられている。それは,(1) 信仰告白 (シャハーダ) ,(2) 1日5回の礼拝 (サラート) ,(3) イスラム暦第9月 (ラマダーン) の断食 (サウム) ,(4) 喜捨 (ザカート) ,(5) 可能な場合には一生に1度のメッカ巡礼 (ハッジ) である。ムスリムの数は7世紀のアラブの大征服時代から徐々にふえはじめ,9~10世紀には中央アジア,エジプト,北アフリカ地域のイスラム化が進行した。現在のムスリムの分布は,中国西部から東南アジア,インド,中央アジア,西アジア,アフリカにまで及び,その数は7億といわれる。
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