Italian revolutionary and political thinker. Born into an aristocratic family in Naples, he graduated from a military academy and became an officer in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies in 1841. In February 1847, he fled Naples and wandered around Marseille, London, and Paris, before joining the Foreign Legion and serving in Algeria. However, upon hearing of the Milan Revolution in 1848, he returned to Italy and participated in the Lombardy War of Liberation against Austria, where he was wounded. The following spring of 1849, he participated in the defense of the Roman Republic and played an active role as chief of staff of the defense forces that rallied Italian patriots. After the collapse of the Republic, he went into exile in Marseille, then went to London via Switzerland, and eventually settled in Genoa. He devoted himself to research and writing, writing "The Wars in Italy, 1848-49" (1851) and "Historical, Political and Military Reflections on Italy" (1858-1860). Before the revolution he was a Mazzinist, but later became an anarchist communist under the influence of Cattaneo and Proudhon. In June 1857, dreaming of an uprising of the southern peasants, he landed on Ponza Island with about 20 comrades, liberated political prisoners, and attempted to lead an expedition to Sapri, but failed due to resistance from the Royal Army of the Two Sicilies and hostile actions from the peasants, so he committed suicide. [Yasuro Shigeoka] [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イタリアの革命家、政治思想家。ナポリの貴族の家系に生まれ、士官学校を卒業して1841年両シチリア王国の士官になる。1847年2月ナポリを出奔し、マルセイユ、ロンドン、パリを放浪、外人部隊に入りアルジェリアに赴く。しかし1848年のミラノ革命の報に接しイタリアに戻り、ロンバルディアの対オーストリア解放戦争に参加し負傷。翌1849年春ローマ共和国防衛に参加し、イタリアの愛国者を結集した防衛軍の参謀長として活躍。共和国崩壊後、マルセイユに亡命、その後スイスを経てロンドンに行き、結局ジェノバに落ち着いた。 ここで研究と著述に没頭し、『1848~49年にイタリアで戦われた戦争』(1851)、『イタリアに関する歴史的・政治的・軍事的考察』(1858~1860)を書いた。革命前にはマッツィーニ主義者であったが、その後カッタネオ、プルードンらの影響を受けて無政府主義的共産主義者になった。1857年6月、南部農民の蜂起(ほうき)を夢みた彼は、20人ほどの同志とポンザ島に上陸して政治犯を解放し、彼らを率いてサプリ遠征を試みたが、両シチリア王国軍の抵抗と農民たちの敵対行動によって失敗に終わったため、自決を遂げた。 [重岡保郎] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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