Base fertilizer - Motogoe

Also called basal fertilizer, this is fertilizer applied prior to transplanting or sowing. In today's world with advanced mechanization, it is increasingly being applied at the same time as sowing. The fertilizers applied are organic fertilizers such as compost, and inorganic fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, lime, silica, and magnesia, and all of the fertilizers except for nitrogen and potassium are usually applied as basal fertilizer. The ratio of nitrogen and potassium used as basal fertilizer to top dressing varies depending on the type of crop, soil and weather conditions, but the proportion of top dressing is higher for crops with long growing periods, soil that does not retain fertility well such as sandy soil, and warm areas with a lot of rain. Top dressing can sometimes be reduced or omitted by using slow-release fertilizers, and this type of fertilization method is called basal-focused fertilization.

[Yuki Koyama]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

基肥(きひ)ともいい、移植や播種(はしゅ)に先だって施される肥料のことである。機械化の進んだ現在では播種と同時に施される場合が増えた。施される肥料は堆肥(たいひ)などの有機質肥料と無機質の窒素、リン、カリ（カリウム）、石灰、ケイ酸、苦土などで、窒素、カリ以外は全量が元肥として施されるのが普通である。窒素、カリは元肥と追肥との割合が作物の種類、土壌や気象の条件などで違ってくるが、生育期間の長い作物や砂質土など肥もちの悪い土壌、雨の多い暖地ほど追肥の比重が高くなる。緩効性肥料を用いると追肥を減らしたり省略できる場合もあり、このような施肥法を基肥重点施肥という。

［小山雄生］

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