Weightlessness

Japanese: 無重量状態 - むじゅうりょうじょうたい(英語表記)weightlessness
Weightlessness

A state in which the weight of an object is no longer felt. Weight is expressed as the force that an object that is subjected to gravitational force exerts on the object that supports it. Therefore, when an object and the object that supports it move freely, both the object and the object that supports it will fall freely in the same way, so the object will not exert any force on the support and the weight of the object will not be felt at all. In other words, it has lost its weight. The important thing here is that both the object and the object that is opposed to it will fall freely, and this can only be achieved in outer space, which is considered to be almost a vacuum. When a spacecraft stops propulsion and flies in space, it is in exactly this state. In other words, the spacecraft moves freely under the control of gravity alone, and the objects inside the spacecraft also move freely in exactly the same way, so the objects do not exert any force on the spacecraft and have lost their weight. This is a characteristic of space flight. Objects float inside the spacecraft, and liquid in a glass will not fall even if it is turned upside down. This is because there is no distinction between up and down. On the other hand, even though there is no weight, the surface tension of the liquid remains the same, so the liquid will all become spherical and float inside the spacecraft. Buoyancy and convection are also based on differences in weight, so they also disappear in a weightless state. This is an extremely favorable condition for creating homogeneous alloys, and there are high hopes for its use. Weightlessness is sometimes called weightlessness, but this is not an accurate term, as gravity itself does not disappear.

[Shinra Ichiro]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

物体の重さが感知されなくなった状態。重さは、引力を受けている物体が、その支えとなっているものに及ぼす力として表される。したがって、物体とそれを支えるものとが自由に動く場合には、物体も、それを支えているものも、ともに同じように自由落下運動をするから、物体はその支えにまったく力を及ぼさず、物体の重さは全然感知されなくなる。すなわち重さがなくなったことになる。ここでたいせつなことは、物体も、それに相対するものも、自由落下をするという状態であって、それは、ほとんど真空とみられる宇宙空間でなければ実現されない。宇宙機が、ロケットの推進を止めて宇宙飛行をしているときは、まさにそのような状態にある。すなわち、宇宙機は重力だけに支配されて自由運動をしており、宇宙機の中の物体も、まったくそれと同じ自由運動をするから、物体は宇宙機に力を及ぼさず、重さは喪失したことになる。これは宇宙飛行の特色である。物体は宇宙機の中で浮いてしまうし、コップに入れた液体は逆さにしても落ちない。上下の区別がなくなるからである。その一方、重さはなくても液体の表面張力はそのままだから、液体はみな球状となり、宇宙機の中を浮遊する。また浮力や対流も、重さの差に基づくものだから、無重量状態ではそれらも消える。これは、均一な合金をつくるための非常に有利な条件であり、その利用に期待がもたれている。なお無重量のことを無重力とよぶことがあるが、重力そのものがなくなるのではないから、これは正確な言い方ではない。

[新羅一郎]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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