French film director. Born in Paris. He initially aspired to be a theatrical performer, becoming an actor and associating with avant-garde artists. In 1911, he starred in a film, wrote a screenplay, and then became a director. In 1915, he made France's first avant-garde film, The Madness of Dr. Tub, which astonished viewers with its transformation of the subject using a special lens. At the end of World War I, he released the anti-war masterpiece War and Peace (1918), which became the subject of controversy, but was highly praised for its artistic merit as a hymn to humanism. Gance's montage of images was most musically processed, and his masterpiece, which best demonstrated the artistic merit of silent film, was The White Rose of the Railroad (1923). It depicted the tormented life of an old engineer. Napoleon (1927) was also a monumental work that used three screens and pioneered the technology of Cinerama, which came later. He continued to direct after the advent of talkies, but did not produce any noteworthy works, and passed away in obscurity in Paris on November 10, 1981. His immortal contribution to the establishment of cinema art was rediscovered after the Second World War. [Tadashi Iijima] Documents List of Director's Works The Madness of Doctor Tube (1915) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
フランスの映画監督。パリに生まれる。初め演劇を志し、俳優となり、前衛芸術家たちと交わる。1911年映画に出演し、シナリオを書き、ついで監督となる。1915年フランス最初の前衛映画『チューブ博士の狂気』を制作し、特殊レンズによる対象の変形が人を驚かせた。第一次世界大戦末期、反戦映画の大作『戦争と平和』(1918)を発表して、論議の的となったが、ヒューマニズムの賛歌としての芸術性が高く評価された。ガンスの映像のモンタージュがもっとも音楽的に処理され、サイレント映画の芸術性を最高度に発揮した傑作は『鉄路の白薔薇(ばら)』(1923)である。老機関士の苦悩に満ちた半生を描いた。また『ナポレオン』(1927)は3個のスクリーンを用いて、後年のシネラマの技術を早くも開拓した記念碑的作品であった。トーキー以後も監督を続けたが、特筆すべき作品はなく、1981年11月10日パリで不遇の生涯を閉じた。彼の映画芸術樹立の不朽の功績は、第二次世界大戦後に再認識された。 [飯島 正] 資料 監督作品一覧チューブ博士の狂気 La folie du docteur Tube(1915) 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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