… Kuhn calls the scientific activities carried out under this paradigm "normal science" and compares it to "puzzle solving" (i.e. solving a puzzle with a picture that corresponds to the paradigm). Kuhn calls the activities that occur after a paradigm crisis, when a new paradigm is born and normal science begins again, "extraordinary science." The history of science is thus seen as a history of discontinuous paradigm changes rather than a history of consistent accumulation, progress, and development, and Kuhn calls these paradigm changes "scientific revolutions." … *Some explanations of terms that mention "extraordinary science" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… クーンは,この一つのパラダイム支配下に行われる科学的活動を〈通常科学normal science〉と呼び,それを〈パズル解き〉(つまり原図――それがパラダイムに相当する――のあるはめ絵パズルを解いていくこと)に比する。パラダイムに危機が訪れ,やがて,新しいパラダイムが生まれて再び〈通常科学〉の営みが始まるまでの間の活動を,クーンは〈異常科学extraordinary science〉と呼ぶ。科学の歴史は,こうして,一貫した蓄積,進歩,発達の歴史というよりは,非連続的ないくつものパラダイムの交代の歴史としてとらえられ,そうしたパラダイムの交代現象をクーンは〈科学革命scientific revolutions〉と呼んだ。… ※「extraordinary science」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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