Bulb

Japanese: むかご
Bulb

A somewhat common name for a type of plant bud that grows above ground, stores nutrients, becomes fleshy, and separates from the mother plant to help with vegetative reproduction. In the narrow sense, it refers only to granular buds, but in the broad sense, it also includes scale buds. Some people also call bulbils bulbils.

Most bulbils form in the leaf axils, but in the case of Pinellia ternata, they arise as adventitious buds on the leaves. In the above-ground stems of Pinellia ternata, the nodes, including the axillary buds, swell and become succulent without relying on the cambium in autumn, and abscission layers form above and below them, separating only the nodes, and vegetative reproduction occurs. This can also be considered a type of granulation. There are many examples of axillary buds and adventitious buds that form above ground separating from the parent body and propagating vegetatively, such as in Sedum moniliforme, Dictyostelium arbutifolia, and Polytrichum commune, but since these do not specifically store nutrients, they are not usually called bulbils. Note that these and other things that arise from part of the plant body, separate through the abscission layer, and serve as the basis for vegetative reproduction are sometimes collectively called buds.

[Fukuda Taiji]

Chinese yam bulbs
They grow one at a time in the leaf axils in autumn. They are edible and have medicinal properties. © Kyoko Nagumo ">

Chinese yam bulbs

Pinellia ternata bulbs
Bulbs (adventitious buds on leaves) appear at the base of the leaflets and at the bottom of the petiole, and are propagated vegetatively. ©Seishohmaru ">

Pinellia ternata bulbs


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

植物の芽の一種で、地上部に生じ、養分を貯蔵して多肉となり、母体から離れて栄養繁殖に役だつものに対するやや通俗的な名称。狭義には肉芽だけをさすが、広義には鱗芽(りんが)をも含む。また、人によっては、むかごを珠芽とよぶこともある。

 ほとんどのむかごは葉腋(ようえき)にできるが、カラスビシャクの場合は葉上不定芽として生ずる。ウワバミソウの地上茎では、秋になると腋芽をも含んだ節の部分が形成層によらずに肥大し、多肉化して、その上下に離層ができて節部だけが分離し、栄養繁殖が行われる。これも一種の肉芽であると考えることができる。コモチマンネングサ、コダカラベンケイ、コモチシダなど、地上に生じた腋芽や不定芽が母体から離れ落ちて栄養繁殖する例はいろいろあるが、これらは特別に養分を貯蔵したものではないので、むかごとはよばないのが普通である。なお、これらをも含めて、植物体の一部から生じ、離層によって離れて栄養繁殖をする基になるものを、芽体と総称することもある。

[福田泰二]

ナガイモのむかご
秋、葉腋に1個ずつつく。食用、薬用とされる©南雲今日子">

ナガイモのむかご

カラスビシャクのむかご
むかご(葉上不定芽)は小葉の基部、葉柄の下部に生じ、栄養繁殖を行う©Seishohmaru">

カラスビシャクのむかご


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