Acetic anhydride - acetic anhydride

Japanese: 無水酢酸 - むすいさくさん(英語表記)acetic anhydride
Acetic anhydride - acetic anhydride

It is an acid anhydride and has a composition of two molecules of acetic acid and one molecule of water.

Industrially, acetic anhydride is produced by either oxidizing acetaldehyde directly or by reacting ketene generated by thermal decomposition of acetic acid with acetic acid. It is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor, and when it comes into contact with the skin, it causes blisters and inflammation. Its vapor is lachrymatory. It is soluble in water at about 2.7%, and when it reacts with water, it slowly turns into acetic acid, and when it dissolves in ethanol (ethyl alcohol), it slowly turns into ethyl acetate. These reactions are accelerated by the presence of acid. It dissolves in organic solvents such as ether. It is widely used as an acetylating agent, and is used to acetylate cellulose to make acetyl cellulose, as well as in the synthesis of medicines such as aspirin, dyes, and fragrances such as coumarin. It is designated as a raw material for specified narcotic psychotropic drugs. It is different from high-purity acetic acid, which has a low water content and is called "glacial acetic acid."

[Mr. Hirota November 18, 2016]

[References] | Acetylation | Cellulose acetate | Acetic acid | Acid anhydride | Glacial acetic acid [Supplementary information] | Acetic anhydride (data note)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

酸無水物の一つで、酢酸2分子から1分子の水をとった組成をもつ。

 工業的には、アセトアルデヒドの酸化により直接無水酢酸をつくる方法と、酢酸の熱分解により発生させたケテンを酢酸と反応させる方法により製造されている。刺激臭をもつ無色の液体で、皮膚につけると水疱(すいほう)や炎症を生ずる。蒸気は催涙性をもっている。水には約2.7%溶けて、水と反応して徐々に酢酸になり、エタノール(エチルアルコール)に溶けて徐々に反応して酢酸エチルになる。これらの反応は酸があると促進される。エーテルなどの有機溶媒に溶ける。アセチル化剤として広く使用され、セルロースをアセチル化してアセチルセルロースをつくるのに使われるほか、アスピリンなどの医薬、染料、クマリンなどの香料の合成に用いられる。特定麻薬向精神薬原料に指定されている。「氷酢酸」とよばれている水の含有量が低い高純度の酢酸とは別物である。

[廣田 穰 2016年11月18日]

[参照項目] | アセチル化 | アセチルセルロース | 酢酸 | 酸無水物 | 氷酢酸[補完資料] | 無水酢酸(データノート)

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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