Miltiades - Miltiades (English spelling)

A Greek general of Athens. He played a leading role in the Battle of Marathon. He was from the noble Philaios family. Around 524 BC, he became the ruler of Chersonesos in Thrace, which had been developed by his uncle of the same name. In the early 5th century BC, he occupied the islands of Imbros and Lemnos, which he handed over to Athens. At the end of the Ionian revolt, which he had participated in, he escaped Persian rule and returned to Athens (493 BC). He was accused by his political enemies of tyranny in Chersonesos, but was found innocent. In 490 BC, when the Persian army approached Attica, he was familiar with Persian tactics and got the assembly to resolve to go out and fight the Persians, and he succeeded in repelling the Persian army at the Battle of Marathon. The following year, however, he failed in his expedition to Paros, was forced to pay a huge fine, and was forced to resign. He died in prison from wounds he received in battle on the island of Paros. His son, Cimon, made a major contribution to the establishment of the Delian League.

[Hidenobu Mashita]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

古代ギリシア、アテネの将軍。マラトンの戦いで指導的役割を果たした。名門フィライオスPhilaios家の出身。彼は紀元前524年ころ、同名の伯父が開拓したトラキアのケルソネソスChersonesosの支配者になった。前5世紀初めにはインブロス、レムノス両島を占領し、アテネに譲った。自ら参加したイオニアの反乱の末期、ペルシアの支配を逃れてアテネに戻る（前493）と、ケルソネソスでの専制を理由に政敵により告訴されたが、無罪となる。前490年ペルシア軍がアッティカに接近すると、ペルシア人の戦法を熟知していた彼は、出撃してペルシア人と戦うことを民会で決議させ、マラトンの戦いでペルシア軍の撃退に成功した。しかし、翌年パロス遠征に失敗、莫大(ばくだい)な罰金を課せられて失脚し、拘禁中、パロス島で受けた戦傷がもとで獄死した。なお、デロス同盟の確立に大きな貢献をしたキモンは彼の息子である。

［真下英信］

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