Tang Yin - Touin

A Chinese literati from the mid-Ming dynasty. As a painter, he is one of the most representative of the Ming dynasty, along with Shen Zhou, Wen Zhengming, and Qiu Ying. His pen name was Bohu. His pen name was Liuru Jushi. He was from Wu County (Suzhou, Jiangsu Province). He was known as one of the four talented poets of Wu along with Xu Zhenqing, Zhu Yunming, and Wen Zhengming, due to his unrestrained talent and outstanding style of poetry, and he called himself the most elegant and talented poet. Blessed with talent, he passed the local exam in 1498 (Kōzhi 11) with the highest score, and should have passed the exam the following year in 1499, but he was involved in a fraud scandal and was punished, shattering his future. Afterwards, some people invited him out of respect for his talent, but he did not enter the government, and instead lived a free and easy life. In his later years, he set up a peach blossom hermitage in his hometown, where he devoted himself to elegant affairs and made a living by selling calligraphy and paintings. He first studied painting under the tutelage of a minister of Zhou, and also admired Shen Zhou. He studied not only Li Cheng and other Song dynasty court-style painters, but also the four great masters of the late Yuan dynasty, and produced excellent landscape paintings that fused the Northern and Southern schools of painting. His artistic attitude and education made him a literati painter, but his style belonged to the Northern School of Court-style painting, known as the Court-style school, and he produced masterpieces such as "Sudden Rain on the Rivers and Mountains." His works include the four volumes of "Tang Bohu Collection."

[Shinya Hoshiyama]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、明(みん)代中期の文人。画家としても沈周(ちんしゅう)、文徴明(ぶんちょうめい)、仇英(きゅうえい)らとともに明代を代表する。字(あざな)は伯虎(はくこ)。号は六如居士。呉県（江蘇(こうそ)省蘇州(そしゅう)）の人。奔放な才気、秀抜な詩風で徐禎卿(じょていけい)、祝允明(しゅくいんめい)、文徴明とともに呉中四才子といわれ、自ら第一風流才子と称したという。才能に恵まれ、1498年（弘治11）に郷試(きょうし)に首席で合格、翌1499年の会試では当然合格するはずのところ、不正事件に巻き込まれて処罰され、前途を打ち砕かれた。その後、才を惜しんで招く者もいたが、仕官せず自由気ままな生活を送り、晩年郷里に桃花庵(あん)を設けて風流韻事をもっぱらとし、書画を売って生活した。画(え)は初め周臣の門に学び、また沈周にも私淑して、李成(りせい)をはじめ宋(そう)の院体画家のほか、元末の四大家に至るまで研究し、北宗画と南宗画を融合した優れた山水画を生み出した。その制作態度、教養からも文人画家であったが、画風は北宗院体派に属し、院派とよばれ、『江山驟雨(しゅうう)図』などの傑作がある。著書には『唐伯虎集』4巻がある。

［星山晋也］

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例