Gerrymander - Gerrymander (English spelling)

Japanese: ゲリマンダー - げりまんだー(英語表記)gerrymander
Gerrymander - Gerrymander (English spelling)

Drawing constituency boundaries in an unnatural way that gives a particular party or candidate special advantage. In other words, drawing constituencies so that one's party's candidate wins with the minimum number of votes and the opposing party receives as many wasted votes as possible. In 1812, Massachusetts Governor Elbridge Gerry (1744-1814) forced the redrawing of constituency boundaries to favor his party, the Democratic-Republicans (today's Democratic Party), resulting in a crushing defeat for the Federalists (the self-named supporters of the draft of the United States Constitution). The constituency boundaries at that time were unnatural and resembled a salamander (a legendary lizard that lives in fire), so this practice was named after its promoter Gerry and was named gerrymandering after him.

A similar thing happened in Japan in 1956. The Cabinet of Prime Minister Ichiro Hatoyama submitted a bill to the 24th ordinary Diet session to create a single-seat constituency system in order to secure the number of seats necessary for constitutional reform. However, this bill included extremely unnatural electoral districts that were advantageous to his own party, and was criticized as a single-seat constituency, and was ultimately scrapped.

[Ryōshi Mitsuhashi]

[References] | Single-seat constituency system | Constituency | Ichiro Hatoyama Cabinet | Federalist

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

特定の政党または候補者にとくに有利になるように不自然な形で選挙区の境界線を定めること。すなわち、自党の候補者が最小限度の得票数をもって当選し、反対党にはできるだけ多数の死票が出るように選挙区を編成すること。1812年、アメリカのマサチューセッツ州知事ゲリーElbridge Gerry(1744―1814)は、自党の民主共和党(今日の民主党)に有利になるように選挙区の境界線変更を強行、その結果、フェデラリスト派(アメリカ合衆国憲法草案の賛成者たちの自称)に惨敗をもたらした。そのときの選挙区割りが、サラマンダーsalamander(火の中にすむという伝説上のトカゲ)に似た不自然な形であったので、その推進者ゲリーの名を冠して、このような行為をゲリマンダーとよんだのに始まる。

 1956年(昭和31)、日本でも同じようなことが起きた。鳩山(はとやま)一郎内閣が、憲法改正に必要な議席確保のために小選挙区制区割り法案を第24通常国会に提出した。しかしこの法案には、自党に有利になるようなきわめて不自然な形の選挙区が含まれていたので、ハトマンダーと非難され、結局廃案となった。

[三橋良士明]

[参照項目] | 小選挙区制 | 選挙区 | 鳩山一郎内閣 | フェデラリスト

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Family estate - Keryō

>>:  Gelibolu Peninsula - Gelibolu Yarimadasi

Recommend

Blue stick - Aobou

...When using it, it is pressed against the surfa...

Gomokumeshi - Gomokumeshi

It is a type of cooked rice or mixed rice. It doe...

Rudorff, O. (English spelling) RudorffO

… The enactment of the Court Structure Act began ...

Spherical bar gauge

...the end surface is either flat, cylindrical, o...

Kanhasshu Tsunagiuma - Kanhasshu Tsunagiuma

Bunraku puppet theater. Historical piece. Five act...

Phaidra

…In Greek legend, the son of Athenian king Theseu...

Pension Fund - Onkyukinko

...A special corporation fully funded by the gove...

Dictyosphaeria cavernosa (English spelling)

A seaweed in the family Baroniaceae, order Euphorb...

Marathi language - Marathi (English spelling)

A language belonging to the Indo-European branch o...

Sensitive - Sensitive

…In compound eyes, each ommatidia contains severa...

Kanaya Tanzen

The title of a Nagauta, Ogie-bushi piece. It is sa...

Daigoji Temple Documents

A collection of documents handed down to Daigoji T...

Glycerol

…1,2,3-propanetriol, also known as glycerol. A ty...

Zhào gōng (English spelling)

A meritorious official at the founding of the West...

Hynobiidae

…A general term for amphibians in the order Hynob...