Drawing constituency boundaries in an unnatural way that gives a particular party or candidate special advantage. In other words, drawing constituencies so that one's party's candidate wins with the minimum number of votes and the opposing party receives as many wasted votes as possible. In 1812, Massachusetts Governor Elbridge Gerry (1744-1814) forced the redrawing of constituency boundaries to favor his party, the Democratic-Republicans (today's Democratic Party), resulting in a crushing defeat for the Federalists (the self-named supporters of the draft of the United States Constitution). The constituency boundaries at that time were unnatural and resembled a salamander (a legendary lizard that lives in fire), so this practice was named after its promoter Gerry and was named gerrymandering after him. A similar thing happened in Japan in 1956. The Cabinet of Prime Minister Ichiro Hatoyama submitted a bill to the 24th ordinary Diet session to create a single-seat constituency system in order to secure the number of seats necessary for constitutional reform. However, this bill included extremely unnatural electoral districts that were advantageous to his own party, and was criticized as a single-seat constituency, and was ultimately scrapped. [Ryōshi Mitsuhashi] [References] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
特定の政党または候補者にとくに有利になるように不自然な形で選挙区の境界線を定めること。すなわち、自党の候補者が最小限度の得票数をもって当選し、反対党にはできるだけ多数の死票が出るように選挙区を編成すること。1812年、アメリカのマサチューセッツ州知事ゲリーElbridge Gerry(1744―1814)は、自党の民主共和党(今日の民主党)に有利になるように選挙区の境界線変更を強行、その結果、フェデラリスト派(アメリカ合衆国憲法草案の賛成者たちの自称)に惨敗をもたらした。そのときの選挙区割りが、サラマンダーsalamander(火の中にすむという伝説上のトカゲ)に似た不自然な形であったので、その推進者ゲリーの名を冠して、このような行為をゲリマンダーとよんだのに始まる。 1956年(昭和31)、日本でも同じようなことが起きた。鳩山(はとやま)一郎内閣が、憲法改正に必要な議席確保のために小選挙区制区割り法案を第24通常国会に提出した。しかしこの法案には、自党に有利になるようなきわめて不自然な形の選挙区が含まれていたので、ハトマンダーと非難され、結局廃案となった。 [三橋良士明] [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
>>: Gelibolu Peninsula - Gelibolu Yarimadasi
...A perennial plant of the lily family native to...
Year of death: July 26, 1905 (Meiji 38) Year of bi...
A general term for the African Nemesia genus in t...
→Break-even inflation rate Source: Shogakukan Enc...
When two solid objects slide against each other w...
An annual magazine edited by Kandinsky and Marc Fr...
...The background to the growth of their power is...
…It is a large-mouthed funnel-shaped pottery with...
Chickens were domesticated about 6,000 years ago ...
…For example, in Kobuchizawa, Yamanashi Prefectur...
...It is found south of Sagami Bay, living at dep...
A city in southwestern Andhra Pradesh, southeast I...
〘Noun〙 A particle that is attached to a noun or so...
…He was active in a wide range of fields, from cr...
When a king's vitality weakens due to illness ...