MMPI is a questionnaire-based personality test published in 1943 by psychologist SR Hathaway (1903-84) and psychiatrist JC McKinley of the University of Minnesota. It consists of 550 items, and subjects answer each item with either "yes," "?", or "no." The results are scored as scores on four validity scales (questionable, L false, F valid, K corrected) and 10 clinical scales ((1) hypochondriasis, (2) depressive, (3) hysterical, (4) psychopathic bias, (5) masculinity/femininity, (6) paranoia, (7) psychasthenic, (8) schizophrenic, (9) hypomanic, and (10) social introversion), and are plotted on a profile. The validity scales are used to detect distortions caused by the subject's attitude when answering the questions. Additionally, the clinical scales are designed to select items that can distinguish between healthy subjects and each reference group. The reference group for each scale is a patient group selected based on a doctor's diagnosis. However, the social introversion scale is composed of items that distinguish between extroverts and introverts among healthy subjects. The MMPI is characterized by the fact that each scale is constructed using this procedure. As a result, more than 450 additional scales have been created by many researchers. The anxiety scale is one of these. Personality diagnosis is based on a profile, but computer-based assessments are also used. In Japan, the MMPI has been standardized into the Japanese version, Doshisha University version, Kanazawa University version, and others. [Nao Hidano] "The Japanese MMPI Handbook, revised edition (1973, Sankyobo)" ▽ "Clinical Psychological Testing Methods, 2nd edition (1967, Igaku-Shoin)" edited by Tsuneo Imura ▽ "MMPI Clinical Interpretation in Practice, written by J.R. Graham, translated by Fujio Tanaka (1985, Sankyobo)" [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
略してMMPI。質問紙法の性格検査で、ミネソタ大学の心理学者ハサウェイS. R. Hathaway(1903―84)と精神医学者マッキンリーJ. C. McKinleyにより1943年出版された。550項目からなり、各項目に対し「はい」「?」「いいえ」のいずれかで回答させる。結果は四つの妥当性尺度(?疑問、L虚偽、F妥当性、K修正)と10の臨床尺度((1)心気症、(2)抑うつ性、(3)ヒステリー性、(4)精神病質的偏り、(5)男子性・女子性、(6)偏執性、(7)精神衰弱性、(8)精神分裂性、(9)軽躁(けいそう)性、(10)社会的内向性)の各尺度得点として採点され、プロフィールに描かれる。妥当性尺度は、回答するときの被検査者の態度によっておこるゆがみを検出するのに用いられる。また、臨床尺度は健常者群と各基準群とを識別できる項目を選んでいる。各尺度の基準群は、医師の診断に基づいて選ばれた患者群である。ただし社会的内向性尺度は、健常者のなかの外向群と内向群を識別する項目によって構成されている。MMPIは、各尺度がこのような手続によって構成されているのが特色である。したがって、多くの研究者によって450種類以上の追加尺度がつくられている。不安尺度もその一つである。人格診断はプロフィールによって行われるが、コンピュータによる判定も行われている。わが国におけるMMPIの標準化は日本版、同志社大学版、金沢大学版、その他がある。 [肥田野直] 『日本MMPI研究会編『日本版MMPIハンドブック』増補版(1973・三京房)』▽『井村恒郎監修『臨床心理検査法』第二版(1967・医学書院)』▽『J・R・グレイアム著、田中富士夫訳『MMPI臨床解釈の実際』(1985・三京房)』 [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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