A calendar system that counts days using only one solar year as the basic number in order to adjust the seasons. The seasons, which are closely related to our lives, are determined by whether the sun is south or north of the celestial equator, in other words, when it returns to the vernal equinox, so the length of the solar year (tropical year) is 365.242199 days, which is the basic cycle of the solar calendar. The solar calendar originated in Egypt, and calendars that belong to this system include the Egyptian calendar, the Persian calendar, the Julian calendar, and the French Republican calendar. The Gregorian calendar, which is widely used in countries around the world today, is an excellent solar calendar with a simple leap year system and a difference of only three days every 10,000 years, but it has its shortcomings and various proposals for improvement have been submitted. The "World Calendar" is one of them. In Japan, the Gregorian calendar, a solar calendar, was adopted in place of the lunisolar calendar in 1873 (Meiji 6), and is called the new calendar. [Toshio Watanabe] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
季節を調節してゆくため一太陽年だけを基本用数として日を数える暦法。生活に密接に関係する季節は太陽が天球の赤道の南にあるか北にあるか、いいかえればいつ春分点に再帰するかによって決まるから、太陽年(回帰年)の長さ365.242199日は太陽暦の基本周期である。太陽暦の起源はエジプトにあり、この暦法に属するものにエジプト暦、ペルシア暦、ユリウス暦、フランス共和暦などがあり、今日世界各国で広く採用しているグレゴリオ暦は置閏(ちじゅん)法も簡単で、1万年に3日の差違を生ずるにすぎない優れた太陽暦であるが、欠点もあって種々の改良案が提出された。「世界暦」はその一つである。日本では1873年(明治6)から、それまでの太陰太陽暦にかわって太陽暦のグレゴリオ暦を採用し、新暦と称している。 [渡辺敏夫] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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