A system of conscription of indigenous labor in Peru, a Spanish colony in the 16th century. It corresponds to the repartimiento in Mexico. Mita is a Quechua word that originally referred to the corvée system used in the Inca Empire for the construction of public roads and other such tasks. Each indigenous community provided a certain percentage of adult labor per year through their chief, and the Spanish colonists employed them in mines, farms, and other places. Although wages were paid, the workload was extremely heavy, which contributed to the rapid decline in the indigenous population. The mita became the basis of the private wealth of Spanish colonists, but it declined due to its inefficiency and was replaced by a direct employment system under the hacienda (large farm). [Kinichiro Harada] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
16世紀、スペインの植民地であったペルーにおける原住民労働力の徴用制度。メキシコにおけるレパルティミエントrepartimientoに対応する。ミタとは、本来はインカ帝国における公道建設などのための賦役をさすケチュア語である。原住民の各共同体は、首長を通じて年間に一定比率の成人労働力を供出し、スペイン人入植者は彼らを鉱山、農場などで使役した。賃金は支給されたが、労働量が著しく過重で、原住民の人口激減の一因となった。ミタはスペイン人入植者の私的な富の基礎となったが、その非能率性によって衰退し、アシエンダ(大農場)のもとでの直接雇用制にとってかわられた。 [原田金一郎] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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