Huáng zhuāng (English spelling)

Japanese: 皇荘 - こうそう（英語表記）Huáng zhuāng

In China's Ming dynasty, this term refers to land privately owned by members of the imperial family, such as the emperor, the crown prince, kings in the capital, and the empress dowager. It was called imperial manors to distinguish it from the manors of local kings who became feudal lords and their maternal relatives. Although it is a type of official land, it is completely different in nature from the general official land that was the main source of income for the national finances. This name first appeared in history in 1464 (Tenshun 8), when land confiscated from the eunuch Cao Jixiang was made the empress's manor, but private land owned by the imperial family was seen as far back as the Han dynasty, and the actual origins of the Ming dynasty imperial manors date back to 1425 (Hongxi 1), when Emperor Xuanzong established the Renshou Palace Manor for his mother, Empress Dowager Zhang.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

中国，明代において，皇帝，皇太子，在京諸王，皇太后などの皇族が私的に領有した土地をいう。地方で藩王となった諸王や外戚の荘田と区別して，とくに皇荘と呼んだ。官田の一種ではあるが国家財政の主要な収入源である一般の官田とはまったく性格を異にする。この名称がはじめて史上に現れるのは，1464年(天順8)宦官曹吉祥からの没収地を皇后の荘田としたときであるが，皇室の私的領有地は古く漢代より見られ，明代皇荘の実質的起源も，すでに1425年(洪熙1)，宣宗が母張太后のために仁寿宮荘を設けたときにはじまる。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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