Mankoku Soudou - Mankoku Soudou

A peasant uprising in the mid-Edo period. In November 1711 (Shotoku 1), 600 peasants from 27 villages across Awa and Asai counties in Awa Province (Chiba Prefecture), mainly headmen, dressed in straw raincoats and hats, made a petition to the feudal lord's residence in Edo. The lord of the Hojo domain at the time was Yashiro Tadataka, whose kokudaka (rice yield) was 10,000 koku, and he had his camp in Hojo (within Tateyama City) and his residence in Edo. The petition was made in the name of "peasants from the villages of Boso with 10,000 koku of rice yield," so it is called the Mankoku Riot. In the autumn of that year, the new chief retainer Kawai Tozaemon carried out harsh inspections to overcome the financial difficulties of the domain, cut down and sold trees for shrines and temples, imposed labor on peasants during the busy farming season, and issued new tax revenues. The uprising was in response to these measures to increase taxes, and progressed from a petition to the feudal lord to a petition in a palanquin to the senior councilors. The domain executed three headman, but the shogunate granted the peasants' demands by confiscating the yashio's land, beheading the chief retainers, and exiling the magistrate. The peasants built three stone Buddha statues and a night lantern as a memorial for the executed headman, and eventually records of the uprising such as the "Mankoku Sodo Nikki" were produced.

[Katsumi Fukaya]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

江戸時代中期の百姓一揆(いっき)。1711年（正徳1）11月、安房(あわ)国（千葉県）安房・朝夷(あさい)両郡にわたる27か村の惣百姓(そうびゃくしょう)600人は名主を中心に蓑笠(みのかさ)姿で江戸の領主屋敷へ門訴した。当時の北条(ほうじょう)藩主は屋代忠位(やしろただたか)、石高(こくだか)は1万石、北条（館山(たてやま)市内）に陣屋を置き、江戸に屋敷があった。「房州一万石村々惣百姓」の名で門訴したので万石騒動といわれる。この年の秋、新家老川井藤左衛門(かわいとうざえもん)は藩の財政難を打開するため過酷な検見(けみ)を行い、神社仏閣の木を伐(き)って売り、農繁期の百姓に労役を課し、新規運上を出させた。一揆はこれら一連の増徴策に対するもので、藩主への門訴から老中に対する駕籠訴(かごそ)へと進んだ。藩は3人の名主を斬罪(ざんざい)に処したが、幕府は屋代の領地を没収し、家老を打首、代官を追放して農民の要求を認めた。農民は刑死した名主を供養するために3体の石仏と常夜灯をつくり、やがて一揆の記録として『万石騒動日録』などが生み出された。

［深谷克己］

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