Common law

Japanese: コモン・ロー(英語表記)common law
Common law
A legal system based on the common law of the realm that was established in England over a period of about a century from the late 12th century. In England in the late 12th century, the common courts and laws were the local community courts and their laws from the Anglo-Saxon period, the manorial courts for peasants that came with the development of feudalism, and the feudal courts and their laws based on the lord-vassal relationship, and the king's courts and the common law of the realm were rather the exception. However, in the late 12th century under Henry II, with the growing power of the king, new litigation procedures and reforms to the judicial system were implemented, such as rational jury trials to replace the divine trial that was the common method of trial at the time.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:
イギリスで主として12世紀後半から約1世紀間に成立した王国共通法を基礎にしている法体系。 12世紀後半のイギリスでは,アングロ・サクソン時代からの地域共同体の裁判所およびそのつかさどる法や,封建制の発展に伴う農民に対する荘園裁判所あるいは封主封臣関係に基づく封建裁判所およびそのつかさどる法が,一般的な裁判所および法であり,国王の裁判所および王国に共通する法はむしろ例外であった。しかし12世紀後半のヘンリー2世時代に国王裁判所においては,増大した国王権力を背景にして,当時一般的な審理方式であった神判に代わる合理的な陪審による審理等,新訴訟手続や裁判制度の改革が行われた。

出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報

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