Half-share - Seppankosaku

Japanese: 折半小作 - せっぱんこさく

A type of tenant farming system, the name comes from the fact that the landlord and tenant farmer share the harvest equally. In the tenant farming system, the landlord collects rent from the tenant farmer, and the method of collection can be broadly divided into fixed-rate tenancy, in which a fixed amount of money or a set amount of produce is collected, and sharecropping, in which a set percentage of the harvest is collected. Sharecropping, in which the landlord collects half of the harvest, is called 50/50 tenancy. Sharecropping is often used when the tenant farmer is poor and has an unstable ability to pay rent, so the landlord secures rent by lending the tenant farmer half of the seeds and livestock necessary in advance, and collecting half of the agricultural produce (including the increase in livestock) after the harvest.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

小作制度の一種で，地主と小作農民とが収穫物を半々に分け合うところからこの名が生じた。小作制度においては，地主が小作農民から小作料を徴収するが，その徴収の仕方を大別すれば，一定額の貨幣または一定量の生産物を徴収する定額小作と，収穫物の一定の割合を徴収する分益小作とに区分され，分益小作のうちで，収穫物の半分を地主が徴収する場合をとくに折半小作という。折半小作が行われるのは，小作農民が貧しくて小作料支払能力が不安定である場合が多く，地主は，あらかじめ小作農民に必要な種子の半分や家畜の半分を貸し付け，収穫後に，生産された農産物(家畜の増加分を含む)の半分を徴収することによって，小作料を確保するのである。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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