In a broad sense, it is a general term for animals belonging to the subfamily Mongooseinae and the subfamily Malagasy Mongooseinae of the order Carnivora of the class Mammalia, family Viverridae, and in a narrow sense, it refers to one of them. It is also called a cat weasel. The subfamily Herpestinae consists of 13 genera and 27 species, and does not have scent glands in the perineum. The subfamily Galidiinae consists of 4 genera and 4 species endemic to the island of Madagascar, and has only one pair of papillae, and some have scent glands. Mongooses vary in size from the southern dwarf mongoose , Helogale parvula , with a head-body length of 24 centimeters, to the white-tailed mongoose, Ichneumia albicauda , with a head-body length of 58 centimeters. They have four or five toes on their front and back feet, and their claws cannot be retracted. Many species lack the bright markings of the civet cat, and have small ears. They are widely distributed from Madagascar, Africa, through India, and into Southeast Asia, living in forests, sparse woodlands, savannas, and semi-deserts. Most are terrestrial, but some are aquatic or arboreal. There are also species that live in groups and species that live alone. These include the crab-eating mongoose, Herpestes urva , which is skilled at diving and swimming, the banded mongoose, Mungos mungo , which has stripes on its back, and the small dwarf mongoose, Helogale . The only species that is strictly called a mongoose is the Indian mongoose (gray mongoose), Herpestes edwardsi , which is found in the Arabian Peninsula, Nepal, India, and Sri Lanka. It is medium-sized, with a head and body length of 45 cm, a tail of almost the same length, and the back of its body is gray or gray-brown. It has five toes on its front and back feet, and sharp, curved claws on its front feet. It is active day and night in woodlands, cultivated fields, and near human dwellings, preying on small mammals, small birds, eggs, snakes, lizards, frogs, fish, crabs, insects, scorpions, etc., and sometimes fruits. It also attacks poultry. Its hiding places are rock crevices, tree hollows, and large holes in the ground. It lives alone except during the breeding season. The gestation period is 60 to 65 days, and it gives birth to 2 to 4 babies per litter. It is well known as a natural enemy of cobras and vipers, and this species was introduced to Okinawa Island and Tonaki Island in 1910 (Meiji 43) in order to exterminate vipers. [Yoshiyuki Mizuko] It is found in sub-Saharan Africa. Its body is gray-brown, with about 10 horizontal stripes on its back. It lives in the savannah, and is active in the early morning or evening. Its head and body length is 30-45cm, and its tail length is 25-29cm. ©Shogakukan "> Banded Mongoose Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
広義には哺乳(ほにゅう)綱食肉目ジャコウネコ科のマングース亜科とマラガシーマングース亜科に属する動物の総称で、狭義にはそのうちの1種をさす。ネコイタチともいう。マングース亜科Herpestinaeは13属27種からなり、会陰部ににおいを出す臭腺(しゅうせん)がない。マラガシーマングース亜科Galidiinaeはマダガスカル島に固有の4属4種からなり、乳頭が1対しかなく、一部のものには臭腺がある。 マングースの大きさは、頭胴長24センチメートルのミナミコビトマングースHelogale parvulaから、58センチメートルのシロオマングースIchneumia albicaudaまで変化に富む。前・後足に4本または5本の指があり、つめは引っ込めることができない。多くの種にはジャコウネコのような鮮やかな斑紋(はんもん)がなく、耳介が小さい。マダガスカル島、アフリカからインドを経て、東南アジアに広く分布し、森林、疎林、サバンナ、半砂漠などにすむ。多くは地上生であるが、ときに水生や樹上生のものもある。また、群れをつくって生活する種や、単独生活する種などがある。潜水や水泳が巧みなカニクイマングースHerpestes urva、背に縞(しま)模様があるシママングースMungos mungo、小形のコビトマングース属Helogaleなどが含まれる。 狭義にマングースとよばれるのはインドマングース(ハイイロマングース)Herpestes edwardsiで、アラビア半島からネパール、インド、スリランカに分布する。中形で、頭胴長45センチメートル、尾もほぼ同長、体背面は灰色または灰褐色をしている。前・後足に5指があり、前足に鋭く曲がったつめがある。雑木林、耕作地、人家付近を日夜活動し、小哺乳類、小鳥、卵、ヘビ、トカゲ、カエル、魚、カニ類、昆虫、サソリなどを捕食し、ときに果実も食べる。また、家禽(かきん)を襲うこともある。隠れ場は岩の割れ目、樹洞、地面にある大きな穴などである。繁殖期以外は単独で生活する。妊娠期間は60~65日、1産2~4子を産む。コブラやハブの天敵として著名で、1910年(明治43)に沖縄本島や渡名喜(となき)島にハブ退治のために移入されたのは本種である。 [吉行瑞子] サハラ砂漠以南のアフリカに分布。体は灰褐色で、背に約10本の横縞がある。サバンナにすみ、早朝または夕刻に活動する。頭胴長30~45cm、尾長25~29cm©Shogakukan"> シママングース 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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